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- Answered
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Question 1 of 181
1. Question
After consumption of rich food a patient has nausea and heartburn, steatorrhea. This condition might be caused by:
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Question 2 of 181
2. Question
Galactosemia is revealed in the child. Concentration of glucose in the blood is not considerably changed. Deficiency of what enzyme caused this illness?
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Question 3 of 181
3. Question
Fatty of phospholipids is disordered due to fat infiltration of the liver. Indicate which of the presented substances can enhance the process of methylation during phospholipids synthesis?
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Question 4 of 181
4. Question
Characteristic sign of glycogenosis is muscle pain during physical work. Blood examination reveals usually hypoglycemia. This pathology is caused by congenital deficiency of the following enzyme:
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Question 5 of 181
5. Question
An infant has apparent diarrhea resulting from improper feeding. One of the main diarrhea effects is plentiful excretion of sodium bicarbonate. What form of acid-base balance disorder is the case?
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Question 6 of 181
6. Question
Methotrexate (structural analogue of the folic acid which is competitive inhibitor of the dihydrofolatreductase) is prescribed for treatment of the malignant tumour. On which level does methotrexate inhibit synthesis of the nucleic acids?
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Question 7 of 181
7. Question
RNA-polymeraseB(II) is blocked due to amanitine poisoning (poison of death-cup). It disturbes:
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Question 8 of 181
8. Question
Pain along large nervous stems and increased amount of pyruvate in the blood were revealed in the patient. Insufficiency of what vitamin can cause such change?
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Question 9 of 181
9. Question
Patient with encephalopathy was admitted to the neurological in-patient department. Correlation of increasing of encephalopathy and substances absorbed by the bloodstream from the intestines was revealed. Whatsubstances that are created in the intestines can cause endotoxemia?
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Question 10 of 181
10. Question
Examination of a patient suffering from cancer of urinary bladder revealed high rate of serotonin and hydroxyanthranilic acid. It is caused by excess of the following amino acid in the organism:
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Question 11 of 181
11. Question
A mother consulted a doctor about her 5-year-old child who develops erythemas, vesicular rash and skin itch under the influence of sun. Laboratory studies revealed decreased iron concentration in the blood serum, increased uroporphyrinogen I excretion with the urine. What is the most likely inherited pathology in this child?
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Question 12 of 181
12. Question
A 3 year old child with fever was given aspirin. It resulted in intensified erythrocyte haemolysis. Hemolytic anemia might have been caused by congenital insufficiency of the following enzyme:
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Question 13 of 181
13. Question
Blood of a 12 year old boy presents low concentration of uric acid and accumulation of xanthine and hypoxanthine. This child has genetic defect of the following enzyme:
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Question 14 of 181
14. Question
Increased amount of free fat acids is observed in the blood of the patients with diabetes mellitus. It can be caused by:
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Question 15 of 181
15. Question
A 46-year-old female patient has a continuous history of progressive muscular (Duchennes) dystrophy. Which blood enzyme changes will be of diagnostic value in this case?
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Question 16 of 181
16. Question
A patient is ill with diabetes mellitus that is accompanied by hyperglycemia of over 7.2 millimole/l on an empty stomach. The level of what blood plasma protein allows to estimate the glycemia rate retrospectively (4-8 weeks before examination)?
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Question 17 of 181
17. Question
In case of enterobiasis acrihine – the structural analogue of vitamin B2 – is administered. The synthesis disorder of which enzymes does this medicine cause in microorganisms?
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Question 18 of 181
18. Question
A 10-year-old girl often experiences acute respiratory infections with multiple spotty haemorrages in the places of clothes friction. Hypovitaminosis of what vitamin is present at the girl?
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Question 19 of 181
19. Question
Hydroxylation of endogenous substrates and xenobiotics requires a donor of protons. Which of the following vitamins can play this role?
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Question 20 of 181
20. Question
The formation of a secondary mediator is obligatory in membrane-intracellular mechanism of hormone action. Point out the substance that is unable to be a secondary mediator:
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Question 21 of 181
21. Question
A 4 y.o. child with signs of durative proteinic starvation was admitted to the hospital. The signs were as follows: growth inhibition, anemia, edemata, mental deficiency. Choose a cause of edemata development:
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Question 22 of 181
22. Question
Researchers isolated 5 isoenzymic forms of lactate dehydrogenase from the human blood serum and studied their properties. What property indicates that the isoenzymic forms were isolated from the same enzyme?
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Question 23 of 181
23. Question
On some diseases it is observed aldosteronism with hypertension and edema due to sodium retention in the organism. What organ of the internal secretion is affected on aldosteronism?
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Question 24 of 181
24. Question
An experiment proved that UV-radiated cells of patients with xeroderma pigmentosum restore the native DNA structure slower than cells of healthy individuals as a result of reparation enzyme defection. What enzyme helps this process?
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Question 25 of 181
25. Question
A patient with suspicion on epidemic typhus was admitted to the hospital. Some arachnids and insects have been found in his flat. Which of them may be a carrier of the pathogen of epidemic typhus?
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Question 26 of 181
26. Question
A businessman came to India from South America. On examination the physician found that the patient was suffering from sleeping-sickness. What was the way of invasion?
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Question 27 of 181
27. Question
Tere is observed inhibited fibrillation in the patients with bile ducts obstruction, bleeding due to low level of absorbtion of some vitamin. What vitamin is in deficit?
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Question 28 of 181
28. Question
A 52 year-old patient with bronchial asthma was treated with glucocorticoids. Fever reaction appeared as a result of postinjective abscess. The patient had subfebrile temperature, which didn’t correspond to latitude and severity of inflammatory process. Why did patient have low fever reaction?
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Question 29 of 181
29. Question
A 35-year-old man under the treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis has acute-onset of right big toe pain, swelling, and low-grade fever. The gouty arthritis was diagnosed and high serum uric acid level was found. Which of the following antituberculosis drugs are known for causing high uric acid levels?
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Question 30 of 181
30. Question
During metabolic process active forms of the oxygen including superoxide anion radical are formed in the human body. With help of what enzyme is this anion activated?
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Question 31 of 181
31. Question
A patient presents high activity of LDH1,2, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase. In what organ (organs) is the development of a pathological process the most probable?
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Question 32 of 181
32. Question
Buffer capacity of blood was decreased in the worker due to exhausting muscular work. Entry of what acid substance to the blood can this state be explained?
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Question 33 of 181
33. Question
While examining the child the doctor revealed symmetric cheeks roughness, diarrhea, disfunction of the nervous system. Lack of what food components caused it?
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Question 34 of 181
34. Question
A 13-year-old boy complains of general weakness, dizziness, tiredness. He is mentally retarded. Increased level of valine, isoleucine, leucine is in the blood and urine. Urine has specific smell. What is the diagnosis?
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Question 35 of 181
35. Question
Increased breaking of vessels, enamel and dentine destruction in scurvy patients are caused by disorder of collagen maturing. What stage of modification of procollagen is disordered in this avitaminosis?
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Question 36 of 181
36. Question
A 62-year-old female patient has developed a cataract (lenticular opacity) secondary to the diabetes mellitus. What type of protein modification is observed in case of diabetic cataract?
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Question 37 of 181
37. Question
Aspirin has antiinflammatory effect due to inhibition of the cyclooxygenase activity. Level of what biological active acids will decrease?
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Question 38 of 181
38. Question
At the laboratory experiment the leukocyte culture was mixed with staphylococci. Neutrophile leukocytes engulfed and digested bacterial cells. This processes are termed:
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Question 39 of 181
39. Question
Examination of a patient revealed typical presentations of collagenosis. This pathology is characterized by increase of the following urine index:
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Question 40 of 181
40. Question
Marked increase of activity of MB-forms of CPK (creatinephosphokinase) and LDH-1 were revealed on the examination of the patients blood. What is the most likely pathology?
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Question 41 of 181
41. Question
Untrained people often have muscle pain after sprints as a result of lactate accumulation. This might be caused by intensification of the following biochemical process:
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Question 42 of 181
42. Question
A 16-year-old boy was performed an appendectomy. He has been hospitalized for right lower quadrant abdominal pain within 18 hours. The surgical specimen is edematous and erythematous. Infiltration by what of the following cells is the most typical for the process occuring here?
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Question 43 of 181
43. Question
ATP synthesis is totaly blocked in a cell. How will the value of membrane rest potential change?
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Question 44 of 181
44. Question
The concentration of albumins in human blood sample is lower than normal. This leads to edema of tissues. What blood function is damaged?
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Question 45 of 181
45. Question
Examination of a patient suffering from frequent haemorrhages in the inner organs and mucous membranes revealed proline and lysine being included in collagen fibers. Impairment of their hydroxylation is caused by lack of the following vitamin:
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Question 46 of 181
46. Question
A 20 year old patient complains of general weakness, dizziness, quick fatigability. Blood analysis results: Hb- 80 g/l. Microscopical examination results: erythrocytes are of modified form. This condition might be caused by:
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Question 47 of 181
47. Question
A 48 year old patient complained about intense pain, slight swelling and reddening of skin over the joints, temperature rise up to 38oC. Blood analysis revealed high concentration of urates. This condition might be caused by disturbed metabolism of:
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Question 48 of 181
48. Question
A patient has yellow skin colour, dark urine, dark-yellow feces. What substance will have strengthened concentration in the blood serum?
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Question 49 of 181
49. Question
A patient has an increased pyruvate concentration in blood. A large amount of it is excreted with the urine. What vitamin is lacking in this patient?
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Question 50 of 181
50. Question
Ammonia is a very toxic substance, especially for nervous system. What substance takes the most active part in ammonia detoxication in brain tissues?
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Question 51 of 181
51. Question
A patient has pellagra. Interrogation revealed that he had lived mostly on maize for a long time and eaten little meat. This disease had been caused by the deficit of the following substance in the maize:
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Question 52 of 181
52. Question
Increased production of thyroidal hormones T3 and T4, weight loss, tachycardia, psychic excitement and so on present on thyrotoxicosis. How do thyroidal hormones effect energy metabolism in the mitochondrion of cells?
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Question 53 of 181
53. Question
A patient with high rate of obesity was advised to use carnitine as a food additive in order to enhance “fat burning”. What is the role of carnitine in the process of fat oxidation?
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Question 54 of 181
54. Question
An experimantal animal that was kept on protein-free diet developed fatty liver infiltration, in particular as a result of deficiency of methylating agents. This is caused by disturbed generation of the following metabolite:
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Question 55 of 181
55. Question
A patient consulted a doctor about symmetric dermatitis of open skin areas. It was found out that the patient lived mostly on cereals and ate too little meat, milk and eggs. What vitamin deficiency is the most evident?
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Question 56 of 181
56. Question
A 46 year old woman suffering from chololithiasis developed jaundice. Her urine became dark-yellow and feces became colourless. Blood serum will have the highest concentration of the following substance:
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Question 57 of 181
57. Question
A 46 year old patient applied to a doctor complaining about joint pain that becomes stronger the day before weather changes. Blood examination revealed strengthened concentration of uric acid. The most probable cause of the disease is the intensified disintegration of the following substance:
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Question 58 of 181
58. Question
A 42-year man suffering from gout has increased level of urinary acid in the blood. Allopurinol was prescribed to decrease the level of urinary acid. Competitive inhibitor of what enzyme is allopurinol?
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Question 59 of 181
59. Question
A 38 year old patient suffers from rheumatism in its active phase. What laboratory characteristic of blood serum is of diagnostic importance in case of this pathology?
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Question 60 of 181
60. Question
Patient experienced increased susceptibility of the skin to the sunlight. His urine after some time became dark-red. What is the most likely cause of this?
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Question 61 of 181
61. Question
A patient with serious damage of muscular tissue was admitted to the traumatological department. What biochemical urine index will be increased in this case?
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Question 62 of 181
62. Question
12 hours after an accute attack of retrosternal pain a patient presented a jump of aspartate aminotransferase activity in blood serum. What pathology is this deviation typical for?
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Question 63 of 181
63. Question
Donor skin transplantation was performed to a patient with extensive burns. On the 8th day the graft became swollen and changed colour; on the 11-th day graft rejection started. What cells take part in this process?
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Question 64 of 181
64. Question
A 30 y.o. woman had been ill for a year when she felt pain in the area of joints for the first time, they got swollen and skin above them became reddened. Provisional diagnosis is rheumatoid arthritis. One of the most probable causes of this disease is a structure alteration of a connective tissue protein:
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Question 65 of 181
65. Question
Autopsy of a 12-year-old girl revealed: multiple cutaneous hemmorhages (mostly into the skin of buttocks, lower extremities), serous and mucous memrane hemmorhages, cerebral hemmorhages. Adrenal glands show focal necrosis and massive hemmorhages; kidneys show necrotic nephrosis, suppurative arthritis, iridocyclitis, vasculitis. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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Question 66 of 181
66. Question
Examination of a 27-year-old patient revealed pathological changes in liver and brain. Blood plasma analysis revealed an abrupt decrease in the copper concentration, urine analysis revealed an increased copper concentration. The patient was diagnosed with Wilson’s degeneration. To confirm the diagnosis it is necessary to study the activity of the following enzyme in blood serum:
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Question 67 of 181
67. Question
A patient complains about dyspnea provoked by the physical activity. Clinical examination revealed anaemia and presence of the paraprotein in the zone of gamma-globulins. To confirm the myeloma diagnosis it is necessary to determine the following index in the patient’s urine:
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Question 68 of 181
68. Question
Examination of a child who hasn’t got fresh fruit and vegetables during winter revealed numerous subcutaneous hemorrhages, gingivitis, carious cavities in teeth. What vitamin combination should be prescribed in this case?
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Question 69 of 181
69. Question
As a result of exhausting muscular work a worker has largely reduced buffer capacity of blood. What acidic substance that came to blood caused this phenomenon?
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Question 70 of 181
70. Question
A 2-year-old child with mental and physical retardation has been delivered to a hospital. He presents with frequent vomiting after having meals. There is phenylpyruvic acid in urine. Which metabolism abnormality is the reason for this pathology?
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Question 71 of 181
71. Question
A patient was delivered to the hospital by an emergency team. Objectively: grave condition, unconscious, adynamy. Cutaneous surfaces are dry, eyes are sunken, face is cyanotic. There is tachycardia and smell of acetone from the mouth. Analysis results: blood glucose – 20.1 micromole/l (standard is 3.3-5.5 micromole/l), urine glucose – 3.5% (standard is – 0). What is the most probable diagnosis?
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Question 72 of 181
72. Question
Profuse foam appeared when dentist put hydrogen peroxide on the mucous of the oral cavity. What enzyme caused such activity?
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Question 73 of 181
73. Question
A 62 y.o. woman complains of frequent pains in the area of her chest and backbone, rib fractures. A doctor assumed myelomatosis (plasmocytoma). What of the following laboratory characteristics will be of the greatest diagnostical importance?
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Question 74 of 181
74. Question
A newborn child has convulsions that have been observed after prescription of vitamin B6. This most probable cause of this effect is that vitamin B6 is a componet of the following enzyme:
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Question 75 of 181
75. Question
Nappies of a new born have dark spots that witness of formation of homogentisic acid. Metabolic imbalance of which substance is it connected with?
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Question 76 of 181
76. Question
Pathological changes of the liver and brain were revealed in a 27-year-old patient.The copper concentration is abruptly decreased in blood plasma and increased in the urine. Wilsons disease was diagnosed. Activity of what enzyme in the blood serum should be examined to prove diagnisis?
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Question 77 of 181
77. Question
Parodontitis is treated with calcium preparations and a hormone that stimulates tooth mineralization and inhibits tissue resorption. What hormone is it?
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Question 78 of 181
78. Question
A child has an acute renal failure. What biochemical factor found in saliva can confirm this diagnosis?
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Question 79 of 181
79. Question
After implantation of a cardiac valve a young man constantly takes indirect anticoagulants. His state was complicated by hemorrhage. What substance content has decreased in blood?
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Question 80 of 181
80. Question
After severe viral hepatitis a 4 year old boy presents with vommiting, occasional loss of consciousness, convulsions. Blood test revealed hyperammoniemia. Such condition is caused by a disorder of the following biochemical hepatic process:
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Question 81 of 181
81. Question
A 50-year-old patient complains about general weakness, appetite loss and cardiac arrhythmia. The patient presents with muscle hypotonia, flaccid paralyses, weakened peristaltic activity of the bowels. Such condition might be caused by:
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Question 82 of 181
82. Question
An 18-year-old patient has enlarged inguinal lymphnodes, they are painless, thickened on palpation. In the area of genital mucous membrane there is a small-sized ulcer with thickened edges and “laquer” bottom of greyish colour. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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Question 83 of 181
83. Question
Concentration of pyruvate is increased in the patients blood, the most of which is excreted with urine. What avitaminosis is observed in the patient?
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Question 84 of 181
84. Question
Carnitine including drug was recomended to the sportsman for improving results. What process is activated most of all with help of carnitine?
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Question 85 of 181
85. Question
A patient with suspected diphtheria went through bacterioscopic examination. Examination of throat swab revealed rod-shaped bacteria with volutin granules. What etiotropic preparation should be chosen in this case?
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Question 86 of 181
86. Question
Patient with diabetes mellitus experienced loss of consciousness and convulsions after injection of insulin. What is the result of biochemical blood analysis for concentration of the sugar?
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Question 87 of 181
87. Question
A woman who has been keeping to a clean-rice diet for a long time was diagnosed with polyneuritis (beriberi). What vitamin deficit results in development of this disease?
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Question 88 of 181
88. Question
Removal of gall bladder of a patient has disturbed processes of Ca absorption through the intestinal wall. What vitamin will stimulate this process?
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Question 89 of 181
89. Question
A 63-year-old woman developed signs of rheumatoid arthritis. Increase of which indicated blood values level could be helpful in proving diagnosis?
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Question 90 of 181
90. Question
A 1.5-year-old child presents with both mental and physical lag, decolorizing of skin and hair, decrease in catecholamine concentration in blood. When a few drops of 5% solution of trichloroacetic iron had been added to the child’s urine it turned olive green. Such alteration are typical for the following pathology of the amino acid metabolism:
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Question 91 of 181
91. Question
A patient complains of frequent diarrheas, especially after consumption of fattening food, and of body weight loss. Laboratory examination revealed steatorrhea; hypocholic feces. What can be the cause of this condition?
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Question 92 of 181
92. Question
On the empty stomach in the patients blood glucose level was 5.65 mmol/L, in an hour after usage of sugar it was 8.55 mmol/L, in a 2 hours – 4.95 mmol/L. Such indicators are typical for:
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Question 93 of 181
93. Question
A child is languid, apathetic. Liver is enlarged and liver biopsy revealed a significant excess of glycogene. Glucose concentration in the blood stream is below normal. What is the cause of low glucose concentration?
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Question 94 of 181
94. Question
A 65 year old man suffering from gout complains of kidney pain. Ultrasound examination revealed renal calculi. The most probable cause of calculi formation is the strengthened concentration of the following substance:
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Question 95 of 181
95. Question
A 65-year-old suffering from the gout man complains of the pain in the kidneys region. On ultrasonic examination the renal calculi were revealed. As a result of what process were they formed?
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Question 96 of 181
96. Question
A 5-year-old child who often fells ill with respiratory diseases has eczematous appearances after consumption of some food products, tendency to prolonged course of inflammatory processes. What kind of diathesis can be suspected in this case?
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Question 97 of 181
97. Question
The greater amount of nitrogen is excreted from the organism in form of urea. Inhibition of urea synthesis and accumulation of ammonia in blood and tissues are induced by the decreased activity of the following liver enzyme:
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Question 98 of 181
98. Question
A 35 y.o. patient who often consumes alcohol was treated with diuretics. There appeared serious muscle and heart weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, AP- 100/60 mm Hg, depression. This condition is caused by intensified excretion with urine of:
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Question 99 of 181
99. Question
After intake of rich food a patient feels nausea and sluggishness; with time there appeared signs of steatorrhea. Blood cholesterine concentration is 9.2 micromole/l. This condition was caused by lack of:
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Question 100 of 181
100. Question
Examination of a man who hadn’t been consuming fats but had been getting enough carbohydrates and proteins for a long time revealed dermatitis, poor wound healing, vision impairment. What is the probable cause of metabolic disorder?
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Question 101 of 181
101. Question
A 44-year-old woman complains of common weakness, heart pain, considerable increase of body weight. Objectively: moon-like face, hirsutism, AP- 165/100 mm Hg, height – 164 cm, weight – 103 kg; fat is mostly accumulated in the region of neck, upper shoulder girdle, stomach. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of obesity?
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Question 102 of 181
102. Question
An experimental animal has been given excessive amount of carbon-labeled glucose for a week. What compound can the label be found in?
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Question 103 of 181
103. Question
After a serious viral infection a 3-year-old child has repeated vomiting, loss of consciousness, convulsions. Examination revealed hyperammoniemia. What may have caused changes of biochemical blood indices of this child?
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Question 104 of 181
104. Question
Examination of a patient with frequent hemorrhages from internals and mucous membranes revealed proline and lysine being a part of collagene fibers. What vitamin absence caused disturbance of their hydroxylation?
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Question 105 of 181
105. Question
A 36-year-old female patient has a history of collagen disease. Urine analysis is likely to reveal an increased concentration of the following metabolite:
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Question 106 of 181
106. Question
Albinos cant be under the sunlight – they dont aquire sun-tan but get sunburns. Disturbed metabolism of what aminoacid underlies this phenomenon?
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Question 107 of 181
107. Question
A nurse accidentally injected a nearly double dose of insulin to a patient with diabetes mellitus. The patient lapsed into a hypoglycemic coma. What drug should be injected in order to help him out of coma?
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Question 108 of 181
108. Question
A patient with continious bronchopneumonia was admitted to the therapeutic department. Antibiotic therapy didnt give much effect. What medication for improvement of immune state should be added to the complex treatment of this patient?
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Question 109 of 181
109. Question
A patient suffers from hepatic cirrhosis. Examination of which of the following substances excreted by urine can characterize the state of antitoxic function of liver?
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Question 110 of 181
110. Question
Vitamin A together with specific cytoreceptors penetrates through the nuclear membranes, induces transcription processes that stimulate growth and differentiation of cells. This biological function is realized by the following form of vitamin A:
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Question 111 of 181
111. Question
Products of some proteins hydrolysis and modification are the biologically active substances called hormones. Lipotropin, corticotropin, melanotropin and endorphins are synthesized in the hypophysis of the following protein:
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Question 112 of 181
112. Question
In patients with the biliary tract obstruction the blood coagulation is inhibited; the patients have frequent haemorrhages caused by the subnormal assimilation of the following vitamin:
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Question 113 of 181
113. Question
The study of the genealogy of a family with hypertrichosis (helix excessive pilosis) has demonstrated that this symptom is manifested in all generations only in men and is inherited by son from his father. What is the type of hypertrichosis inheritance?
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Question 114 of 181
114. Question
A newborn child suffers from milk curdling in stomach, this means that soluble milk proteins (caseins) transform to insoluble proteins (paracaseins) by means of calcium ions and a certain enzyme. What enzyme takes part in this process?
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Question 115 of 181
115. Question
The penetration of the irritable cell membrane for potassium ions has been increased during an experiment. What changes of membrane electric status can occur?
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Question 116 of 181
116. Question
A sportsman was recommended to take a medication that contains carnitine in order to improve his results. What process is activated by carnitine the most?
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Question 117 of 181
117. Question
To prevent postoperative bleeding a 6 y.o. child was administered vicasol that is a synthetic analogue of vitamin K. Name post-translational changes of blood coagulation factors that will be activated by vicasol:
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Question 118 of 181
118. Question
A 4 y.o. boy has had recently serious viral hepatitis. Now there are such clinical presentations as vomiting, loss of consciousness, convulsions. Blood analysis revealed hyperammoniemia. Disturbunce of which biochemical process caused such pathological condition of the patient?
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Question 119 of 181
119. Question
During examination of an 11-month-old infant a pediatrician revealed osteoectasia of the lower extremities and delayed mineralization of cranial bones. Such pathology is usually provoked by the deficit of the following vitamin:
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Question 120 of 181
120. Question
Examination of a patient suffering from chronic hepatitis revealed a significant decrease in the synthesis and secretion of bile acids. What process will be mainly disturbed in the patient’s bowels?
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Question 121 of 181
121. Question
The energy inputs of a healthy man have been measured. In what position was the patient if his energy inputs were less than the main exchange?
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Question 122 of 181
122. Question
Glutamate decarboxylation results in formation of inhibitory transmitter in CNS. Name it:
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Question 123 of 181
123. Question
In course of histidine catabolism a biogenic amin is formed that has powerful vasodilatating effect. Name it:
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Question 124 of 181
124. Question
Utilization of arachidonic acid via cyclooxigenase pathway results in formation of some bioactive substances. Name them:
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Question 125 of 181
125. Question
After a sprint an untrained person develops muscle hypoxia. This leads to the accumulation of the following metabolite in muscles:
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Question 126 of 181
126. Question
Myocyte cytoplasm contains a big number of dissolved metabolites of glucose oxidation. Name one of them that turns directly into a lactate:
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Question 127 of 181
127. Question
Emotional stress causes activation of hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase in the adipocytes. What secondary mediator takes part in this process?
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Question 128 of 181
128. Question
A patient has been diagnosed with alkaptonuria. Choose an enzyme whose deficiency can be the reason for this pathology:
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Question 129 of 181
129. Question
A patient diagnosed with carcinoid of bowels was admitted to the hospital. Analysis revealed high production of serotonin. It is known that this substance is formed of tryptophane aminooacid. What biochemical mechanism underlies this process?
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Question 130 of 181
130. Question
A genetics specialist analyzed the genealogy of a family and found that both males and females may have the illness, not across all the generations, and that healthy parents may have ill children. What is the type of illness inheritance?
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Question 131 of 181
131. Question
Analysis of amniotic fluid that was obtained as a result of amniocentesis (puncture of amniotic sac) revealed cells the nuclei of which contain sex chromatin (Barrs body). What can it be evidence of?
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Question 132 of 181
132. Question
Vitamin B1 deficiency results in disturbance of oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutaric acid. This will disturb synthesis of the following coenzyme:
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Question 133 of 181
133. Question
A child’s blood presents high content of galactose, glucose concentration is low. There are such presentations as cataract, mental deficiency, adipose degeneration of liver. What disease is it?
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Question 134 of 181
134. Question
According to clinical indications a patient was administered pyridoxal phosphate. What processes is this medication intended to correct?
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Question 135 of 181
135. Question
A 45 y.o. woman suffers from Cushings syndrome – steroid diabetes. Biochemical examination revealed: hyperglycemia, hypochloremia. Which of the under-mentioned processes is the first to be activated?
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Question 136 of 181
136. Question
Autopsy of a 46-year-old man revealed multiple brown-and-green layers and hemmorhages on the mucous membrane of rectum and sigmoid colon; slime and some blood in colon lumen; histologically – fibrinous colitis. In course of bacteriological analysis of colon contents S.Sonne were found. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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Question 137 of 181
137. Question
A patient had been ill with bronchial asthma for many years and died from asthmatic fit. Histologic lung examination revealed: lumen of bronchioles and small bronches contain a lot of mucus with some eosinophils, there is sclerosis of alveolar septums, dilatation of alveole lumen. What mechanism of development of hypersensibility reaction took place?
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Question 138 of 181
138. Question
Desulfiram is widely used in medical practice to prevent alcocholism. It inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase. Increased level of what metabolite causes aversion to alcochol?
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Question 139 of 181
139. Question
A 1-year-old child with symptoms of muscle involvement was admitted to the hospital. Examination revealed carnitine deficiency in his muscles. What process disturbance is the biochemical basis of this pathology?
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Question 140 of 181
140. Question
The patient with complaints of permanent thirst applied to the doctor. Hyperglycemia, polyuria and increased concentration of 17-ketosteroids in the urine were revealed. What disease is the most likely?
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Question 141 of 181
141. Question
Index of pH of the blood changed and became 7.3 in the patient with diabetus mellitus. Detecting of the components of what buffer system is used while diagnosing disorder of the acid-base equilibrium?
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Question 142 of 181
142. Question
A man got poisoned with mushrooms. They contain muscarine that stimulates muscarinic cholinoreceptors. What symptom is typical for poisoning with inedible mushrooms?
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Question 143 of 181
143. Question
As a result of posttranslative modifications some proteins taking part in blood coagulation, particularly prothrombin, become capable of calcium binding. The following vitamin takes part in this process:
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Question 144 of 181
144. Question
Objective examination of a patient revealed: slender figure, big skull, highly developed frontal region of face, short extremities. What constitutional type is it characteristic for?
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Question 145 of 181
145. Question
A 38-year-old patient died during intractable attack of bronchial asthma. Histologic examination revealed mucus accumulation in bronchial lumen, a lot of fat cells (labrocytes) in the wall of bronches, many of them are in the state of degranulation, there are also a lot of eosinophils. What pathogenesis of bronchial changes is it?
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Question 146 of 181
146. Question
Diabetes mellitus causes ketosis as a result of activated oxidation of fatty acids. What disorders of acid-base equilibrium may be caused by excessive accumulation of ketone bodies in blood?
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Question 147 of 181
147. Question
A woman with 0 (I) blood group has born a child with AB blood group. This woman’s husband has A blood group. What genetic interaction explains this phenomenon?
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Question 148 of 181
148. Question
Osteolaterism is characterized by a decrease in collagen strength caused by much less intensive formation of cross-links in collagen fibrils. This phenomenon is caused by the low activity of the following enzyme:
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Question 149 of 181
149. Question
Depressions and emotional insanities result from the deficit of noradrenalin, serotonin and other biogenic amines in the brain. Their concentration in the synapses can be increased by means of the antidepressants that inhibit the following enzyme:
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Question 150 of 181
150. Question
A 3 year old child with symptoms of stomatitis, gingivitis and dermatitis of open skin areas was delivered to a hospital. Examination revealed inherited disturbance of neutral amino acid transporting in the bowels. These symptoms were caused by the deficiency of the following vitamin:
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Question 151 of 181
151. Question
A 5-month-old boy was hospitalized for tonic convulsions. He has a life-time history of this disease. Examination revealed coarse hair, thinned and fragile nails, pale and dry skin. In blood: calcium – 1.5 millimole/l, phosphor – 1.9 millimole/l. These changes are associated with:
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Question 152 of 181
152. Question
During hypersensitivity test a patient got subcutaneous injection of an antigen which caused reddening of skin, edema, pain as a result of histamine action. This biogenic amine is generated as a result of transformation of the following histidine amino acid:
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Question 153 of 181
153. Question
A patient with suspected diagnosis “progressing muscular dystrophy” got his urine tested. What compound will confirm this diagnosis if found in urine?
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Question 154 of 181
154. Question
Cytogenetic examination of a patient with dysfunction of the reproductive system revealed normal karyotype 46, XY in some cells, but most cells have Klinefelters syndrome karyotype – 47,XXY. Such phenomenon of cell inhomogeneity is called:
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Question 155 of 181
155. Question
An oncological patient had been administered methotrexate. With time target cells of the tumour lost sensitivity to this drug. At the same time the change in gene expression of the following enzyme is observed:
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Question 156 of 181
156. Question
A patient complained about dizziness, memory impairment, periodical convulsions. It was revealed that these changes were caused by a product of decarboxylation of glutamic acid. Name this product:
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Question 157 of 181
157. Question
A sportsman needs to improve his sporting results. He was recommended to take a preparation that contains carnitine. What process is activated the most by this compound?
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Question 158 of 181
158. Question
A doctor examined a child and revealed symptoms of rachitis. Development of this desease was caused by deficiency of the following compound:
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Question 159 of 181
159. Question
Laboratory examination of a child revealed increased concentration of leucine, valine, isoleucine and their ketoderivatives in blood and urine. Urine smelt of maple syrup. This disease is characterized by the deficit of the following enzyme:
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Question 160 of 181
160. Question
A 9-month-old infant is fed with artificial formulas with unbalanced vitamin B6 concentration. The infant presents with pellagral dermatitis, convulsions, anaemia. Convulsion development might be caused by the disturbed formation of:
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Question 161 of 181
161. Question
It was found out that some compounds, for instance fungi toxins and some antibiotics can inhibit activity of RNA-polymerase. What process will be disturbed in a cell in case of inhibition of this enzyme?
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Question 162 of 181
162. Question
When blood circulation in the damaged tissue is restored, then lactate accumulation comes to a stop and glucose consumption decelerates. These metabolic changes are caused by activation of the following process:
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Question 163 of 181
163. Question
During starvation muscle proteins break up into free amino acids. These compounds will be the most probably involved into the following process:
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Question 164 of 181
164. Question
Examination of a patient revealed II grade obesity. It is known that he consumes a lot of sweets and rich food, has sedentary way of life. Thats why anabolic metabolism has the priority in his organism. Which of the following pathways is amphibolic?
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Question 165 of 181
165. Question
Surgical removal of a part of stomach resulted in disturbed absorption of vitamin B12, it is excreted with feces. The patient was diagnosed with anemia. What factor is necessary for absorption of this vitamin?
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Question 166 of 181
166. Question
A newborn develops dyspepsia after the milk feeding. When the milk is substituted by the glucose solution the dyspepsia symptoms disappear. The newborn has the subnormal activity of the following enzyme:
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Question 167 of 181
167. Question
Patients who suffer from severe diabetes and don’t receive insulin have metabolic acidosis. This is caused by increased concentration of the following metabolites:
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Question 168 of 181
168. Question
A 4 year old child with hereditary renal lesion has signs of rickets, vitamin D concentration in blood is normal. What is the most probable cause of rickets development?
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Question 169 of 181
169. Question
A patient presents with dysfunction of cerebral cortex accompanied by epileptic seizures. He has been administered a biogenic amine synthetized from glutamate and responsible for central inhibition. What substance is it?
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Question 170 of 181
170. Question
Toxic affection of liver results in dysfunction of protein synthesis. It is usually accompanied by the following kind of dysproteinemia:
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Question 171 of 181
171. Question
A 6 year old child was delivered to a hospital. Examination revealed that the child couldn’t fix his eyes, didn’t keep his eyes on toys, eye ground had the cherry-red spot sign. Laboratory analyses showed that brain, liver and spleen had high rate of ganglioside glycometide. What congenital disease is the child ill with?
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Question 172 of 181
172. Question
In clinical practice tuberculosis is treated with izoniazid preparation – that is an antivitamin able to penetrate into the tuberculosis bacillus. Tuberculostatic effect is induced by the interference with replication processes and oxidation-reduction reactions due to the buildup of pseudo-coenzyme:
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Question 173 of 181
173. Question
A newborn child was found to have reduced intensity of sucking, frequent vomiting, hypotonia. Urine and blood exhibit increased concentration of citrulline. What metabolic process is disturbed?
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Question 174 of 181
174. Question
A male patient has been diagnosed with acute radiation disease. Laboratory examination revealed a considerable reduction of platelet serotonin level. The likely cause of platelet serotonin reduction is the disturbed metabolism of the following substance:
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Question 175 of 181
175. Question
Dietary intake of a 30 year old nursing woman contains 1000 mg of calcium, 1300 mg of phosphorus and 20 mg of iron per day. It is necessary to change content of these mineral substances in the following way:
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Question 176 of 181
176. Question
Cardinal symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism are osteoporosis and renal lesion along with development of urolithiasis. What substance makes up the basis of these calculi in this disease?
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Question 177 of 181
177. Question
Study of conversion of a food colouring agent revealed that neutralization of this xenobiotic takes place only in one phase – microsomal oxydation. Name a component of this phase:
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Question 178 of 181
178. Question
A patient had hemorrhagic stroke. Blood examination revealed strengthened kinin concentration.The patient was prescribed contrical. It was administered in order to inhibit the following proteinase:
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Question 179 of 181
179. Question
A 49-year-old driver complains about unbearable constricting pain behind the breastbone irradiating to the neck. The pain arose 2 hours ago. Objectively: the patient’s condition is grave, he is pale, heart tones are decreased. Laboratory studies revealed high activity of creatine kinase and LDH1. What disease are these symptoms typical for?
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Question 180 of 181
180. Question
Pharmacological effects of antidepressants are connected with inhibition of an enzyme catalyzing biogenic amines noradrenaline and serotonine in the mitochondrions of cerebral neurons. What enzyme participates in this process?
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Question 181 of 181
181. Question
An oncological patient was prescribed methotrexate. With the lapse of time target cells of the tumour lost susceptibility to this drug. There is change of gene expression of the folowing enzyme: