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Question 1 of 150
1. Question
A 27- year-old woman has dropped penicillin containing eye drops. In few minutes there appeared feeling of itching, burning of the skin, lips and eyelids edema, whistling cough, decreasing of BP. What antibodies take part in the development of this allergic reaction?
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Question 2 of 150
2. Question
A patient underwent a surgery for excision of a cyst on pancreas. After this he developed haemorrhagic syndrome with apparent disorder of blood coagulation. Development of this complication can be explained by:
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Question 3 of 150
3. Question
A 43-year-old patient has thrombopenia, reduction of fibrinogen, products of degradation of fibrin presented in the blood, petechial haemorrhage along with septic shock. What is the most likely cause of the changes?
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Question 4 of 150
4. Question
Person has stable HR, not more than 40 bpm. What is the pacemaker of the heart rhythm in this person?
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Question 5 of 150
5. Question
A 32-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital with gross bloodloss due to auto accident trauma. Ps – 110Bpm, RR- 22 pm, BP- 100/60mm Hg. What changes in the blood will occur in an hour after the bloodloss?
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Question 6 of 150
6. Question
A 70-year-old patient suffers from atherosclerosis complicated by the lower limb thrombosis that has caused gangrene on his left toes. What is the most likely cause of the thrombosis origin?
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Question 7 of 150
7. Question
ECG of a 44-year-old patient shows signs of hypertrophy of both ventricles and the right atrium. The patient was diagnosed with the tricuspid valve insufficiency. What pathogenetic variant of cardiac dysfunction is usually observed in case of such insufficiency?
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Question 8 of 150
8. Question
Shock and signs of acute renal failure (ARF) developed in the patient due to permanent injury. What is the leading cause of development of ARF in the case?
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Question 9 of 150
9. Question
Substitution of the glutamic acid on valine was revealed while examining initial molecular structure. For what inherited pathology is this typical?
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Question 10 of 150
10. Question
Inflamation is characterised by increasing penetration of vessels of microcirculation stream, increasing of their fluid dynamic blood pressure. Increasing of the osmotic concentration and dispersity of protein structures present in the intercellular fluid. What kind of edema will appear in this case?
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Question 11 of 150
11. Question
Disorder of the airways passage in small and middle bronchi was revealed in the patient. What disorder of the acid-base equilibrium can be detected in the blood?
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Question 12 of 150
12. Question
A 62-year-old patient was admitted to the neurological department due to cerebral haemorrage. Condition is grave. There is observed progression of deepness and frequency of breath that turnes into reduction to apnoea,and the cycle repeates. What respiration type has developed in the patient?
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Question 13 of 150
13. Question
In a 45-year-old patient on ECG it was revealed: sinus rhythm, the number of auricular complexesexceeds number of ventricular complexes; progressing extension of the P-Q interval from complex to complex; fallout of some ventricular complexes; Р waves and QRST complexes are without changes. Name the type of heart rhythm disfunction.
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Question 14 of 150
14. Question
Upper neck node of sympathetic trunk was removed from the rabbit on experiment. Reddening and increased temperature of the skin of head is observed. What form of peripheral circulation of the blood developed in the rabbit?
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Question 15 of 150
15. Question
In result of the damage of one of the Atomic Power Plant reacttor the run-out of radioelements happened. People in the increased radiation zone were radiated with approximately 250-300 r. They were immediately hospitalized. What changes in the blood count would be typical?
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Question 16 of 150
16. Question
Dystrophic changes of the heart muscle are accompanied with cardiac cavity enlargement, decrease of the strength of heart contraction, increased amount of blood, which remains in the heart during systolic phase, overfilled veins. For what state of heart is it characteristic?
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Question 17 of 150
17. Question
Transmural myocardial infarction in the patient was complicated with progressive acute left ventricle insufficiency. What is the most typical for this state?
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Question 18 of 150
18. Question
Arterial hypertention is caused by the stenosis of the renal arteries in the patient. Activation of what system is the main link in the pathogenesys of this form of hypertension?
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Question 19 of 150
19. Question
A 12-year-old boy often suffers from virus and bacterial infections and eczematous skin lesions. Enlargement of T-lymphocytes and IgM with normal IgA and IgG was revealed on examination. What type of immune system pathology is presented in the patient?
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Question 20 of 150
20. Question
Patient with diabetes didn’t get insulin injection in time that caused hyperglycemic coma (glucose in the blood 50mmol/L). What mechanism is prevalent in the development of the coma?
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Question 21 of 150
21. Question
Necrosis focus appeared in the area of hyperemia and skin edema in few hours after burn. What mechanism strengthens destructive events in the inflammation area?
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Question 22 of 150
22. Question
Processes of repolarisation are disturbed in ventricular myocardium in examined person. It will cause amplitude abnormalities of configuration and duration of the wave:
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Question 23 of 150
23. Question
A boy referred to a genetics clinic was found to have 1 drumstick in blood neutrophils. The boy is likely to have the following syndrome:
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Question 24 of 150
24. Question
After a serious psycho-emotional stress a 45-year-old patient suddenly felt constricting heart pain irradiating to the left arm, neck and left scapula. His face turned pale, the cold sweat stood out on it. The pain attack was stopped with nitroglycerine. What process has developed in this patient?
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Question 25 of 150
25. Question
While having the dinner the child choked and aspirated the food. Meavy cough has started, skin and mucose are cyanotic, rapid pulse, rear breathing, expiration is prolonged. What disorder of the external breathing developed in the child?
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Question 26 of 150
26. Question
Chronic glomerulonephritis was diagnosed in a 34-year-old patient 3 years ago. Edema has developed in the last 6 monthes. What caused it?
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Question 27 of 150
27. Question
While playing volleyball a sportsman made a jump and landed on the outside edge of his foot. He felt acute pain in the talocrural joint, active movements are limited, passive movements are unlimited but painful. A bit later there appeared a swelling in the area of external ankle, the skin became red and warm. What type of peripheral circulation disturbance is the case?
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Question 28 of 150
28. Question
Having helped to eliminate consequences of a failure at a nuclear power plant, a worker got an irradiation doze of 500 roentgen. He complains of headache, nausea, dizziness. What changes in leukocytes quantity can be expected 10 hours after irradiation?
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Question 29 of 150
29. Question
A 12 y.o. boy who suffers from bronchial asthma has an acute attack of asthma: evident expiratory dyspnea, skin pallor. What type of alveolar ventilation disturbance is it?
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Question 30 of 150
30. Question
A 46-year-old patient suffering from the diffuse toxic goiter underwent resection of the thyroid gland. After the surgery the patient presents with appetite loss, dyspepsia, increased neuromuscular excitement. The body weight remained unchanged. Body temperature is normal. Which of the following has caused such a condition in this patient?
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Question 31 of 150
31. Question
To prevent the transplant rejection after organ transplantation it is required to administer hormonotherapy for the purpose of immunosuppression. What hormones are used for this purpose?
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Question 32 of 150
32. Question
A patient caught a cold after which there appeared facial expression disorder. He cannot close his eyes, raise his eyebrows, bare his teeth. What nerve is damaged?
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Question 33 of 150
33. Question
A patient with a history of chronic glomerulonephritis presents with azotemia, oliguria, hypo- and isosthenuria, proteinuria. What is the leading factor in the pathogenesis of these symptoms development under chronic renal failure?
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Question 34 of 150
34. Question
After an attack of bronchial asthma a patient had his peripheral blood tested. What changes can be expected?
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Question 35 of 150
35. Question
After the traumatic tooth extraction a patient is complaining of acute, dull, poorly-localized pain in gingiva, body temperature rise up to 37,5oC. The patient has been diagnosed with alveolitis. Specify the kind of pain in this patient:
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Question 36 of 150
36. Question
A 50 year old patient suffers from essential hypertension. After a physical stress he experienced muscle weakness, breathlessness, cyanosis of lips, skin and face. Respiration was accompanied by distinctly heard bubbling rales. What mechanism underlies the development of this syndrome?
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Question 37 of 150
37. Question
A patient with obliterating endarteritis underwent ganglionic sympathectomy. What type of arterial hyperaemia should have developed as a result of the surgery?
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Question 38 of 150
38. Question
A group of mountain climbers went through the blood analysis at the height of 3000 m. It revealed decrease of HCO3 to 15 micromole/l (standard is 22-26 micromole/l). What is the mechanism of HCO3 decrease?
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Question 39 of 150
39. Question
ECG of a patient shows such alterations: P-wave is normal, P-Q-interval is short, ventricular QRST complex is wide, R-wave is double-peak or two-phase. What form of arrhythmia is it?
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Question 40 of 150
40. Question
A patient who suffers from pneumonia has high body temperature. What biologically active substance plays the leading part in origin of this phenomenon?
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Question 41 of 150
41. Question
A 34 year old woman was diagnosed with hereditary microspherocytic hemolytic anemia (Minkowsky-Shauffard disease). What mechanism caused haemolysis of erythrocytes?
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Question 42 of 150
42. Question
2 years ago a patient underwent resection of pyloric part of stomach. He complains of weakness, periodical dark shadows beneath his eyes, dyspnea. In blood: Hb – 70 g/l, erythrocytes – 3,0*1012/l, colour index – 0,7. What changes of erythrocytes in blood smears are the most typical for this condition?
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Question 43 of 150
43. Question
During a prophylactic medical examination a 7-year-old boy was diagnosed with daltonism. His parents are healthy and have normal colour vision, but his grandfather on his mother’s side has the same abnormality. What is the type of the abnormality inheritance?
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Question 44 of 150
44. Question
A 27 y.o. patient put eye drops that contain penicillin. After a few minutes she felt itching and burning of her body, there appeared lip and eye-lid edemata; arterial pressure began to drop. What immunoglobulins took part in the development of this allergic reaction?
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Question 45 of 150
45. Question
Inflammation of a patient’s eye was accompanied by accumulation of turbid liquid with high protein at the bottom of anterior chamber that was called hypopyon. What process underlies the changes under observation?
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Question 46 of 150
46. Question
A 48 y.o. patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints about weakness, irritability, sleep disturbance. Objectively: skin and scleras are yellow. In blood: conjugated bilirubin, cholalemia. Feces are acholic. Urine is of dark colour (bilirubin). What jaundice is it?
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Question 47 of 150
47. Question
A 41-year-old male patient has a history of recurrent attacks of heartbeats (paroxysms), profuse sweating, headaches. Examination revealed hypertension, hyperglycemia, increased basal metabolic rate, and tachycardia. These clinical presentations are typical for the following adrenal pathology:
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Question 48 of 150
48. Question
A patient who suffers from severe disorder of water-salt metabolism experienced cardiac arrest in diastole. What is the most probable mechanism of cardiac arrest in diastole?
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Question 49 of 150
49. Question
A patient who suffers from heart failure has enlarged liver, edemata of lower extremities, ascites. What is the leading mechanism in the development of this edema?
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Question 50 of 150
50. Question
Two weeks after lacunar tonsillitis a 20-year-old man started complaining about general weakness, lower eyelid edemata. After examination the patient was diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis. What are the most likely pathological changes in the urine formula?
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Question 51 of 150
51. Question
A 32 y.o. man is tall, he has gynecomastia, adult woman pattern of hair distribution, high voice, mental deficiency, sterility. Provisional diagnosis is Klinefelter’s syndrome. In order to specify diagnosis it is necessary to analize:
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Question 52 of 150
52. Question
Examination of a miner revealed pulmonary fibrosis accompanied by disturbance of alveolar ventilation. What is the main mechanism of this disturbance?
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Question 53 of 150
53. Question
After transfusion of 200 ml of blood a patient presented with body temperature rise up to 37,9oC. Which of the following substances is the most likely cause of temperature rise?
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Question 54 of 150
54. Question
A 49 y.o. woman consulted a doctor about heightened fatigue and dyspnea during physical activity. ECG: heart rate is 50/min, PQ is extended, QRS is unchanged, P wave quanity exceeds quantity of QRS complexes. What type of arrhythmia does the patient have?
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Question 55 of 150
55. Question
A woman has been applying a new cosmetic preparation for a week that resulted in eye-lid inflammation accompanied by hyperemia, infiltration and painfulness. What type of allergic reaction was developed?
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Question 56 of 150
56. Question
A patient is followed up in an endocrinological dispensary on account of hyperthyreosis. Weight loss, tachycardia, finger tremor are accompanied by hypoxia symptoms – headache, fatigue, eye flicker. What mechanism of thyroid hormones action underlies the development of hypoxia?
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Question 57 of 150
57. Question
A 56 y.o. patient has been suffering from thyreotoxicosis for a long time. What type of hypoxia can be developed?
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Question 58 of 150
58. Question
An animal with aortic valve insufficiency got hypertrophy of its left heart ventricle. Some of its parts have local contractures. What substance accumulated in the myocardiocytes caused these contractures?
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Question 59 of 150
59. Question
A girl is diagnosed with adrenogenital syndrome (pseudohermaphroditism). This pathology was caused by hypersecretion of the following adrenal hormone:
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Question 60 of 150
60. Question
A patient has extrasystole. ECG shows no P wave, QRS complex is deformed, there is a full compensatory pause. What extrasystoles are these?
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Question 61 of 150
61. Question
After a serious psychoemotional stress a 48 year old patient suddenly developed acute heart ache irradiating to the left arm. Nitroglycerine relieved pain after 10 minutes. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of this process development?
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Question 62 of 150
62. Question
A 12-year-old teenager has significantly put off weight within 3 months; glucose concentration rose up to 50 millimole/l. He fell into a coma. What is the main mechanism of its development?
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Question 63 of 150
63. Question
A 43-year-old-patient has arterial hypertension caused by an increase in cardiac output and general peripheral resistance. Specify the variant of hemodynamic development of arterial hypertension in the given case:
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Question 64 of 150
64. Question
As a result of increased permeability of the erythrocyte membrane in a patient with microspherocytic anaemia (Minkowsky-Shauffard disease) cells receive sodium ions and water. Erythrocytes take form of spherocytes and can be easily broken down. What is the leading mechanism of erythrocyte damage in this case?
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Question 65 of 150
65. Question
Examination of a 52-year-old female patient has revealed a decrease in the amount of red blood cells and an increase in free hemoglobin in the blood plasma (hemoglobinemia). Color index is 0.85. What type of anemia is being observed in the patient?
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Question 66 of 150
66. Question
A 56 year old patient suffering from cardiac insufficiency has edema of feet and shins, edematous skin is pale and cold. What is the leding mechanism of edema pathogenesis?
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Question 67 of 150
67. Question
Prophylactic medical examination of a 36 year old driver revealed that his AP was 150/90 mm Hg. At the end of working day he usually hears ear noise, feels slight indisposition that passes after some rest. He was diagnosed with essential hypertension. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism in this case?
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Question 68 of 150
68. Question
Blood analysis of a patient with jaundice reveals conjugated bilirubinemia, increased concentration of bile acids. There is no stercobilinogen in urine. What type of jaundice is it?
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Question 69 of 150
69. Question
Violation of safety rules resulted in calomel intoxication. Two days later the daily diuresis was 620 ml. A patient experienced headache, vomiting, convulsions, dyspnea, moist rales in lungs. What pathology is it?
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Question 70 of 150
70. Question
A newborn child with pylorostenosis has often repeating vomiting accompanied by apathy, weakness, hypertonicity, sometimes convulsions. What disorder form of acid-base balance is it?
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Question 71 of 150
71. Question
The development of both immune and allergic reactions is based upon the same mechanisms of the immune system response to an antigen. What is the main difference between the immune and allergic reactions?
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Question 72 of 150
72. Question
24 hours after appendectomy blood of a patient presents neutrophilic leukocytosis with regenerative shift. What is the most probable mechanism of leukocytosis development?
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Question 73 of 150
73. Question
A 59 year old patient is a plant manager. After the tax inspection of his plant he felt intense pain behind his breastbone irradiating to his left arm. 15 minutes later his condition came to normal. Which of the possible mechanisms of stenocardia development is the leading in this case?
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Question 74 of 150
74. Question
Arterial pressure of a surgeon who performed a long operation rised up to 140/110 mm Hg. What changes of humoral regulation could have caused the rise of arterial pressure in this case?
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Question 75 of 150
75. Question
A patient was ill with burn disease that was complicated by DIC syndrome. What stage of DIC syndrome can be suspected if it is known that the patient’s blood coagulates in less than 3 minutes?
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Question 76 of 150
76. Question
In a patient elevation of body temperature takes turns with drops down to normal levels during the day. The rise in temperature is observed periodically once in four days. Specify the type of temperature curve:
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Question 77 of 150
77. Question
A 55 y.o. woman consulted a doctor about having continuous cyclic uterine hemorrhages for a year, weakness, dizziness. Examination revealed skin pallor. Hemogram: Hb- 70 g/l, erythrocytes – 3,2*1012/l, color index – 0,6, leukocytes – 6,0*109/l, reticulocytes – 1%; erythrocyte hypochromia. What anemia is it?
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Question 78 of 150
78. Question
A 56 year old patient came to a hospital with complaints about general weakness, tongue pain and burning, sensation of limb numbness. In the past he underwent resection of forestomach. In blood: Hb- 80 g/l; erythrocytes – 2,0*1012/l; colour index – 1,2, leukocytes – 3,5*109/l. What anemia type is it?
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Question 79 of 150
79. Question
A 25 year old Palestinian woman complains of weakness, dizziness, dyspnea. In anamnesis: periodically exacerbating anemia. In blood: Hb – 60 g/l, erythrocytes – 2,5*1012/l, reticulocytes – 35o/oo, anisocytosis and poikilocytosis of erythrocytes, a lot of target cells and polychromatophils. What type of anemia is it?
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Question 80 of 150
80. Question
A 23 y.o. patient complains of weakness, temperature rise up to 38-40oC. Objectively: liver and spleen are enlarged. Hemogram: Hb- 100 g/l, erythrocytes – 2,9*1012/l, leukocytes – 4,4*109/l, thrombocytes – 48*109/l, segmentonuclear neutrophils – 17%, lymphocytes – 15%, blast cells – 68%. All cytochemical reactions are negative. Make a hematological conclusion:
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Question 81 of 150
81. Question
Diabetic nephropathy with uremia has developed in a patient with pancreatic diabetes. The velocity of glomerular filtration is 9 ml/min. What mechanism of a decrease in glomerular filtration velocity and chronic renal failure development is most likely in the case of this patient?
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Question 82 of 150
82. Question
Inflammatory processes cause synthesis of protein of acute phase in an organism. What substances stumulate their synthesis?
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Question 83 of 150
83. Question
A patient is diagnosed with hereditary coagulopathy that is characterised by factor VIII deficiency. Specify the phase of blood clotting during which coagulation will be disrupted in the given case:
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Question 84 of 150
84. Question
A chemical burn caused esophagus stenosis. Difficulty of ingestion led to the abrupt loss of weight. In blood: 3,0*1012/l, Hb – 106 g/l, crude protein – 57 g/l. What type of starvation is it?
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Question 85 of 150
85. Question
A 42 year old woman with neuralgia of trifacial nerve complains about periodical reddening of the right part of her face and neck, sense of warmth gush, increased skin sensitivity. These effects can be explained by the following type of arterial hyperemia:
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Question 86 of 150
86. Question
A patient who suffers from acute myocarditis has clinical signs of cardiogenic shock. What of the under-mentioned pathogenetic mechanisms plays the main part in shock development?
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Question 87 of 150
87. Question
On the 6th day of treatment a patient with acute renal insufficiency developed polyuria. Diuresis intensification at the beginning of polyuria stage of acute renal insufficiency is caused by :
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Question 88 of 150
88. Question
A 30 year old woman has face edemata. Examination revealed proteinuria (5,87 g/l), hypoproteinemia, dysproteinemia, hyperlipidemia. What condition is the set of these symptoms typical for?
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Question 89 of 150
89. Question
A patient with nephrotic syndrome has massive edemata of his face and limbs. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of edemata development?
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Question 90 of 150
90. Question
A patient staying in the pulmonological department was diagnosed with pulmonary emphysema accompanied by reduced elasticity of pulmonary tissue. What type of respiration is observed?
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Question 91 of 150
91. Question
An unconscious young man with signs of morphine poisoning entered admission office. His respiration is shallow and infrequent which is caused by inhibition of respiratory centre. What type of respiratory failure is it?
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Question 92 of 150
92. Question
A patient complaining of pain in the left shoulder-blade region has been diagnosed with miocardial infarction. What kind of pain does the patient have?
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Question 93 of 150
93. Question
A patient has been diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis that developed after he had had streptococcal infection. It is most likely that the affection of basal glomerular membrane is caused by an allergic reaction of the following type:
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Question 94 of 150
94. Question
Examination of patients with periodontitis revealed the interdependence between the rate of affection of periodontal tissues and the amount of lysozymes in saliva and gingival liquid. These results can be obtained during studying the following protection system of an organism:
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Question 95 of 150
95. Question
A 62 year old patient who previously worked as stoker was admitted to a hospital with complaints about general weakness, abrupt weight loss, hoarse voice, dyspnea, dry cough. Laryngoscopy revealed a tumour in the pharynx that invaded vocal cords and epiglottis. What is the most probable cause of tumour development?
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Question 96 of 150
96. Question
A married couple came to the genetic counseling. The husband suffers from the insulin-dependant diabetes, the wife is healthy. What is the probability that this couple will have an insulin-dependant child?
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Question 97 of 150
97. Question
A patient who had been working hard under conditions of elevated temperature of the environment, has now a changed quantity of blood plasma proteins. What penomenon is the case?
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Question 98 of 150
98. Question
An experimental rat with extremity paralysis has no tendon and cutaneous reflexes, muscle tone is decreased, but muscles of the affected extremity maintain their ability to react with excitation to the direct action of continious current. What type of paralysis is it?
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Question 99 of 150
99. Question
A 28 year old man had a gunshot wound of shin that resulted in an ulcer from the side of the injury. What is the main factor of neurodystrophy pathogenesis in this case?
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Question 100 of 150
100. Question
Blood test of a patient suffering from atrophic gastritis gave the following results: RBCs – 2,0*1012/l, Hb- 87 g/l, colour index – 1,3, WBCs – 4,0*109/l, thrombocytes – 180*109/l. Anaemia migh have been caused by the following substance deficiency:
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Question 101 of 150
101. Question
A 45 year old patient was admitted to the cardiological department. ECG data: negative P wave overlaps QRS complex, diastolic interval is prolonged after extrasystole. What type of extrasystole is it?
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Question 102 of 150
102. Question
A 37-year-old female patient complains of headache, vertigo, troubled sleep, numbness of limbs. For the last 6 years she has been working at the gas-discharge lamp-producing factory in the lead-processing shop. Blood test findings: low hemoglobin and RBC level, serum iron concentration exceeds the norm by several times. Specify the type of anemia:
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Question 103 of 150
103. Question
A rabbit’s nerve that innervates the right ear was cut and its right superior cervical ganglion was removed. Immediately after operation the temperature of ear skin was measured. It was revealed that the temperature of the rabbit’s ear skin on the side of denervation was by 1,5oC higher than on the opposite intact side. What of the following is the most probable explanation of the above-mentioned effects?
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Question 104 of 150
104. Question
Two hours after an exam a student had a blood count done and it was revealed that he had leukocytosis without significant leukogram modifications. What is the most probable mechanism of leukocytosis development?
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Question 105 of 150
105. Question
A patient presents with icteritiousness of skin, scleras and mucous membranes. Blood plasma the total bilirubin is increased, stercobilin is increased in feces, urobilin is increased in urine. What type of jaundice is it?
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Question 106 of 150
106. Question
Hepatitis has led to the development of hepatic failure. Mechanism of edemata formation is activated by the impairment of the following liver function:
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Question 107 of 150
107. Question
As a result of a road accident a 26-year-old man is in the torpid phase of shock. Blood count: leukocytes – 3,2*109/l. What is the leading mechanism of leukopenia development?
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Question 108 of 150
108. Question
As a result of a trauma a patient has developed traumatic shock that led to the following disorders: AP is 140/90 mm Hg, Ps is 120 bpm. The patient is fussy, talkative, pale. Such state relates to the following shock phase:
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Question 109 of 150
109. Question
Examination of a patient admitted to the surgical department with symptoms of acute appendicitis revealed the following changes in the white blood cells: the total count of leukocytes is 16*109/l. Leukocyte formula: basophils – 0, eosinophils – 2%, juvenile forms – 2%, stabnuclear – 8%, segmentonuclear – 59%, lymphocytes – 25%, monocytes- 4%. The described changes can be classified as:
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Question 110 of 150
110. Question
A patient being treated for viral hepatitis type B got symptoms of hepatic insufficiency. What blood changes indicative of protein metabolism disorder will be observed in this case?
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Question 111 of 150
111. Question
A patient was stung by a bee. Examination revealed that his left hand was hot, pink, edematic, there was a big red blister on the site of sting. What is the leading mechanism of edema development?
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Question 112 of 150
112. Question
Amniocentesis revealed two sex chromatin bodies (Barr bodies) in each cell of the sample. What disease is this character typical for?
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Question 113 of 150
113. Question
A patient consulted a dentist about itching and burning in the oral cavity; high temperature. The patient was diagnosed with trichomonal gingivostomatitis. What drug should be chosen for his treatment?
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Question 114 of 150
114. Question
A patient suffering from pheochromocytoma complains of thirst, dry mouth, hunger. Blood test for sugar revealed hyperglycemia. What type of hyperglycemia is it?
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Question 115 of 150
115. Question
A patient suffering from stenocardia was taking nitroglycerine which caused restoration of blood supply of myocardium and relieved pain in the cardiac area. What intracellular mechanism provides restoration of energy supply of insulted cells?
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Question 116 of 150
116. Question
A patient is diagnosed with iron-deficiency sideroachrestic anemia, progression of which is characterised by skin hyperpigmentation, pigmentary cirrhosis, heart and pancreas affection. Iron level in the blood serum is increased. What disorder of iron metabolism causes this disease?
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Question 117 of 150
117. Question
A couple had a child with Down’s disease. Mother is 42 years old. This disease is most probably caused by the following impairment of prenatal development:
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Question 118 of 150
118. Question
There are several groups of molecular mechanisms playing important part in pathogenesis of insult to cells which contributes to the pathology development. What processes are stimulated by proteinic damage mechanisms?
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Question 119 of 150
119. Question
A child was born with cleft palate. Examination revealed aorta defects and reduced number of T-lymphocytes in blood. What immunodeficient syndrome is it?
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Question 120 of 150
120. Question
Examination of a child who frequently suffers from infectious diseases revealed that IgG concentration in blood serum was 10 times less than normal, IgA and IgM concentration was also significantly reduced. Analysis showed also lack of B-lymphocytes and plasmocytes. What disease are these symptoms typical for?
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Question 121 of 150
121. Question
A driver who got a trauma in a road accident and is shocked has reduction of daily urinary output down to 300 ml. What is the main pathogenetic factor of such diuresis change?
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Question 122 of 150
122. Question
Examination of a 42 year old patient revealed a tumour of adenohypophysis. Objectively: the patient’s weight is 117 kg, he has moon-like hyperemic face, red-blue striae of skin distension on his belly. Osteoporosis and muscle dystrophy are present. AP is 210/140 mm Hg. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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Question 123 of 150
123. Question
Examination of a 12 year old boy with developmental lag revealed achondroplasia: disproportional constitution with evident shortening of upper and lower limbs as a result of growth disorder of epiphyseal cartilages of long tubal bones. This disease is:
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Question 124 of 150
124. Question
A patient was diagnosed with autoimmune hemolitic cytotoxic anemia. What substances are antigens in II type allergic reactions?
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Question 125 of 150
125. Question
A patient suffers from the haemorrhagic syndrome that shows itself in frequent nasal bleedings, posttraumatic and spontaneous intracutaneous and intra-articular haemorrhages. After a laboratory study a patient was diagnosed with the type B haemophilia. This disease is provoked by the deficit of the following factor of blood coagulation:
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Question 126 of 150
126. Question
A 58-year-old patient suffers from the cerebral atherosclerosis. Examination revealed hyperlipoidemia. What class of lipoproteins will most probably show increase in concentration in this patient’s blood serum?
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Question 127 of 150
127. Question
A 67 year old patient complains of periodic heart ache, dyspnea during light physical activities. ECG reveals extraordinary contractions of heart ventricles. Such arrhythmia is called:
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Question 128 of 150
128. Question
In course of a preventive examination of a miner a doctor revealed changes of cardiovascular fitness which was indicative of cardiac insufficiency at the compensation stage. What is the main proof of cardiac compensation?
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Question 129 of 150
129. Question
A 47 year old man with myocardium infarction was admitted to the cardiological department. What changes of cellular composition of peripheral blood are induced by necrotic changes in the myocardium?
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Question 130 of 150
130. Question
An infectious disease unit admitted a patient with signs of jaundice caused by hepatitis virus. Select an indicator that is specific only for parenchymatous jaundice:
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Question 131 of 150
131. Question
A patient with skin mycosis has disorder of cellular immunity. The most typical characteristic of it is reduction of the following index:
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Question 132 of 150
132. Question
A patient with massive burns developed acute renal insufficiency characterized by a significant and rapid deceleration of glomerular filtration. What is the mechanism of its development?
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Question 133 of 150
133. Question
A child is pale, pastose, muscular tissue is bad developed, lymph nodes are enlarged. He often suffers from angina and pharyngitis, blood has signs of lymphocytosis. The child is also predisposed to autoallergic diseases. What type of diathesis can be presumed in this case?
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Question 134 of 150
134. Question
A 26 year old pregnant woman is under treatment at an in-patient hospital. After a continuous attack of vomiting she was found to have reduced volume of circulating blood. What kind of change in general blood volume is the case?
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Question 135 of 150
135. Question
Parents of a 3 year old child have been giving him antibiotics with purpose of preventing enteric infections for a long time. A month later the child’s condition changed for the worse. Blood examination revealed apparent leukopenia and granulocytopenia. What is the most probable mechanism of blood changes?
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Question 136 of 150
136. Question
A patient ill with enteritis accompanied by massive diarrhea has low water rate in the extracellular space, high water rate inside the cells and low blood osmolarity. What is such disturbance of water-electrolytic metabolism called?
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Question 137 of 150
137. Question
A patient with obliterating atherosclerosis underwent sympathectomy of femoral artery in the region of femoral trigone. What type of arterial hyperemia was induced by the operation?
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Question 138 of 150
138. Question
A 15 year old girl has pale skin, glossitis, gingivitis. Blood count: erythrocytes – 3,3*1012/l, hemoglobin – 70 g/l, colour index – 0,5. Examination of blood smear revealed hypochromia, microcytosis, poikilocytosis. What type of anemia is it?
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Question 139 of 150
139. Question
A 70 year old man is ill with vascular atherosclerosis of lower extremities and coronary heart disease. Examination revealed disturbance of lipidic blood composition. The main factor of atherosclerosis pathogenesis is the excess of the following lipoproteins:
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Question 140 of 150
140. Question
A patient ill with essential arterial hypertension had a hypertensic crisis that resulted in an attack of cardiac asthma. What is the leading mechanism of cardiac insufficiency in this case?
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Question 141 of 150
141. Question
A 5 year old child is ill with measles. Blood analysis revealed increase of total number of leukocytes up to 13*109/l. Leukogram: basophils – 0, eosinophils – 1, myelocytes – 0, juvenile neutrophils – 0, band neutrophils – 2, segmented neutrophils – 41, lymphocytes – 28, monocytes – 28. Name this phenomenon:
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Question 142 of 150
142. Question
Rats being under stress have muscular hypertonia and high arterial pressure, high glucose concentration in blood and intensified secretion of corticotropin and corticosteroids. In what stress phase are these animals?
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Question 143 of 150
143. Question
After taking poor-quality food a patient developed repeated episodes of diarrhea. On the next day he presented with decreased arterial pressure, tachycardia, extrasystole. Blood pH is 7,18. These abnormalities were caused by the development of:
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Question 144 of 150
144. Question
A patient was admitted to the infectious department. His symptoms: dry skin, decreased skin turgor, rice-water stool. The patient was diagnosed with cholera. What disorder of water-electrolytic balance is most often observed in this disease?
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Question 145 of 150
145. Question
A 45 year old woman is ill with breast cancer. Her left arm has symptoms of lymphatic system insufficiency – limb edema, lymph node enlargement. What form of lymphatic circulation insufficiency is it?
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Question 146 of 150
146. Question
A 25 year old man has spent a long time in the sun under high air humidity. As a result of it his body temperature rose up to 39oC. What pathological process is it?
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Question 147 of 150
147. Question
A 26 year old man is in the torpid shock phase as a result of a car accident. In blood: 3,2*109/l. What is the leading mechanism of leukopenia development?
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Question 148 of 150
148. Question
Since a patient has had myocardial infarction, his atria and ventricles contract independently from each other with a frequency of 60-70 and 35-40 per minute. Specify the type of heart block in this case:
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Question 149 of 150
149. Question
A 54-year-old female was brought to the casualty department after a car accident. A traumatologist diagnosed her with multiple fractures of the lower extremities. What kind of embolism is most likely to develop in this case?
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Question 150 of 150
150. Question
A 53-year-old male patient complains of acute pain in the right hypochondrium. Objective examination revealed scleral icterus. Laboratory tests revealed increased ALT activity, and stercobilin was not detected in the stool. What disease is characterized by these symptoms?