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Question 1 of 200
1. Question
A man suffering from a hereditary disease married a healthy woman. They got 5 children, three girls and two boys. All the girls inherited their father’s di-sease. What is the type of the disease inheritance?
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Question 2 of 200
2. Question
Characteristic sign of glycogenosis is muscle pain during physical work. Blood examination reveals usually hypoglycemia. This pathology is caused by congenital deficiency of the following enzyme:
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Question 3 of 200
3. Question
During an operation a patient got injection of muscle relaxant dithylinum. Relaxation of skeletal muscles and inhibi-tion of respiration lasted two hours. This condition was caused by absence of the following enzyme in blood serum:
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Question 4 of 200
4. Question
A couple has a son with haemophilia. The parents are healthy but the maternal grandfather also has haemophilia. Specify the type of inheritance:
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Question 5 of 200
5. Question
Examination of newborns in one of the Ukrainian cities revealed a baby with phenylketonuria. The baby’s parents don’t suffer from this disease and have two other healthy children. Specify the most likely parents’ genotype with phenylketonuria gene:
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Question 6 of 200
6. Question
A patient has a right-sided fracture in the region of the frontal third of mandible accompanied by a haematoma in the region of chin. It is caused by the injury of the following artery:
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Question 7 of 200
7. Question
A 46 year old female patient has a continuous history of progressive muscular (Duchenne’s) dystrophy. Which blood enzyme changes will be of diagnostic value in this case?
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Question 8 of 200
8. Question
As a result of a cold a patient has the abnormal pain and temperature sensitivity of the frontal 2/3 of his tongue. Which nerve must have been damaged?
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Question 9 of 200
9. Question
A 60 year old patient has impaired perception of high-frequency sounds. These changes were caused by damage of the following auditory analyzer structures:
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Question 10 of 200
10. Question
After a trauma of soft tissues in the region of the posterior surface of medial condyle of humerus a patient has got a skin prickle of medial forearm surface. Which of the listed nerves is located in the affected region?
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Question 11 of 200
11. Question
A boy has fallen down from a tree. Now he finds it difficult to abduct his arm into horizontal position. Which muscle is most likely to be injured?
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Question 12 of 200
12. Question
A female patient with a tumour of pancreas has developed mechanic jaundice resulting from compression of a bile-excreting duct. Which duct is compressed?
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Question 13 of 200
13. Question
A 28 year old woman has been diagnosed with extrauterine pregnancy complicated by tha fallopian tube rupture. The blood is most likely to penetrate the following peritoneal space:
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Question 14 of 200
14. Question
Patients with similar complaints applied to the doctor: weakness, pain in the intestines, disorder of GIT. Examination of the faeces revealed that one patient with four nucleus cysts should be hospitalized immidiately. For what protozoa are such cysts typical?
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Question 15 of 200
15. Question
Autopsy of a 58 year old man revealed that bicuspid valve was deformed, thickened and unclosed. Microscopically: foci of collagen fibrilla are eosinophilic, react positively to fibrin. The most probably it is:
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Question 16 of 200
16. Question
Chronic inflammation and transformation of the one-layer ciliated epithelium into multiple-layers flat epithelium was revealed in the thickened mucous membrane of the bronchus bioptate of the patient with smoke abuse. Which of the processes is the most likely?
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Question 17 of 200
17. Question
During postembryonal haemopoiesis in the red bone marrow the cells of one of the cellular differons demonstrate a gradual decrease in cytoplasmic basophilia as well as an increase in oxyphilia, the nucleus is being forced out. Such morphological changes are typical for the following haemopoiesis type:
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Question 18 of 200
18. Question
Students who are taking examinations often have dry mouth. The mechanism that causes this state is the realization of the following reflexes:
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Question 19 of 200
19. Question
The temperature of the ambient environment is 38oC and relative air humidity is 50%. What ways of heat emission provide maintaining a constant temperature of the human body?
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Question 20 of 200
20. Question
A microspecimen of heart shows rectangular cells from 50 to 120 mcm large with central position of nucleus, developed myofi The cells are connected by intercalated discs. These cells are responsible for the following function:
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Question 21 of 200
21. Question
A 30 year old woman has subnormal concentration of enzymes in the pancreatic juice. This might be caused by the hyposecretion of the following gastroi-ntestinal hormone:
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Question 22 of 200
22. Question
A female patient consulted a physician about digestive disorder, extended abdominal pain. Examination revealed drastic decrease in hemoglobin concentration. It is known from the anamnesis that while living in the Far East the patient used to eat freshly-salted cavi-ar. Some relatives living with her had the similar condition. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Question 23 of 200
23. Question
A patient has a trauma of sternoclei-domastoid muscle. This caused a decrease in value of the following indicator of external respiration:
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Question 24 of 200
24. Question
A month after surgical constriction of rabbit’s renal artery the considerable increase of systematic arterial pressure was observed. What of the following regulation mechanisms caused the animal’s pressure change?
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Question 25 of 200
25. Question
Microscopic examination of the enlarged neck gland of a 14 year old girl revealed destruction of the tissue structure of the node, absence of the lymph follicles, sclerotic areas and necrosis foci, cell constitution of the node is polymorphous, lymphocites, eosinophiles, big atypical cells with multilobular nuclei (Beresovsky-Sternberg cells) and mononuclear cells of the large size are present. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Question 26 of 200
26. Question
A child has abnormal formation of tooth enamel and dentin as a result of low concentration of calcium ions in blood. Such abnormalities might be caused by deficiency of the following hormone:
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Question 27 of 200
27. Question
A sportsman was examined after an intensive physical activity. The examination revealed disorder of movement coordination but the force of muscle contractions remained the same. It can be explained by retarded speed of excitement conduction through:
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Question 28 of 200
28. Question
After a long training session a sportsman has developed fatigue accompanied by abrupt performance decrement. What link of the reflex arch was the fatigue initiated in?
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Question 29 of 200
29. Question
Blood minute volume of a 30 year old woman at rest is 5 l/m. What blood volume is pumped through the pulmonary vessels per minute?
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Question 30 of 200
30. Question
After a tourniquet application a patient was found to have petechial hemorrhages. The reason for it is the dysfunction of the following cells:
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Question 31 of 200
31. Question
A patient under test was subjected to a moderate physical stress. His minute blood volume amounted 10 l/min. What blood volume was pumped through his lung vessels every minute?
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Question 32 of 200
32. Question
A patient presents with the following motor activity disturbances: tremor, ataxia and asynergia movements, dysarthria. The disturbances are most likely to be localized in:
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Question 33 of 200
33. Question
A man has a considerable decrease in diuresis as a result of 1,5 l blood loss. The primary cause of such diuresis disorder is the hypersecretion of the following hormone:
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Question 34 of 200
34. Question
The patient with thymoma (thymus gland tumour) has cyanosis, extention of subcutaneous venous net and edema of the soft tissues of face, neck, upper part of the trunk and upper extremities. What venous trunk is pressed with tumour?
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Question 35 of 200
35. Question
An experimental animal that was kept on protein-free diet developed fatty liver infiltration, in particular as a result of deficiency of methylating agents. This is caused by disturbed generation of the following metabolite:
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Question 36 of 200
36. Question
Vegetative abnormalities in the sleep, heat regulation, all kinds of metabolism, diabetes insipidus are developing in the patient due to grouth of the tumour in the III ventricle of brain. Irritation of the nucleus of what part of the brain can cause this symptoms?
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Question 37 of 200
37. Question
A patient complains about dyspnea provoked by the physical activity. Clinical examination revealed anaemia and presence of the paraprotein in the zone of gamma-globulins. To confirm the myeloma diagnosis it is necessary to determine the following index in the patient’s urine:
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Question 38 of 200
38. Question
Examination of a child who hasn’t got fresh fruit and vegetables during winter revealed numerous subcutaneous hemorrhages, gingivitis, carious cavities in teeth. What vitamin combination should be prescribed in this case?
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Question 39 of 200
39. Question
A 2 year old child with mental and physical retardation has been delivered to a hospital. He presents with frequent vomiting after having meals. There is phenylpyruvic acid in urine. Which metabolism abnormality is the reason for this pathology?
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Question 40 of 200
40. Question
46 chromosomes were revealed on karyotype examination of the 5 year old girl. One of the 15th pair of chromosomes is longer than usual due to connected chromosome from the 21 pair. What type of mutation does this girl have?
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Question 41 of 200
41. Question
A 62 year old woman complains of frequent pain attacks in the area of her chest and backbone, rib fractures. Her doctor suspected myeloma (plasmocytoma). What of the following laboratory characteristics will be of the greatest diagnostic importance?
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Question 42 of 200
42. Question
Before the cells can utilize the glucoze, it is first transported from the extracellular space through the plasmatic membrane inside theml. This process is stimulated by the following hormone:
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Question 43 of 200
43. Question
Parodontitis is treated with calcium preparations and a hormone that stimulates tooth mineralization and inhibits tissue resorption. What hormone is it?
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Question 44 of 200
44. Question
A child has an acute renal failure. What biochemical factor found in saliva can confirm this diagnosis?
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Question 45 of 200
45. Question
After implantation of a cardiac valve a young man constantly takes indirect anti-coagulants. His state was complicated by hemorrhage. What substance content has decreased in blood?
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Question 46 of 200
46. Question
After severe viral hepatitis a 4 year old boy presents with vommiting, occasional loss of consciousness, convulsions. Blood test revealed hyperammoniemia. Such condition is caused by a disorder of the following biochemical hepatic process:
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Question 47 of 200
47. Question
Having helped to eliminate consequences of a failure at a nuclear power plant, a worker got an irradiation doze of 500 roentgen. He complai-ns of headache, nausea, dizziness. What changes in leukocytes quantity can be expected 10 hours after irradiation?
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Question 48 of 200
48. Question
Bacterioscopic examination of a smear from the pharynx of a diphtheria suspect revealed bacilli with volutine granules. What etiotropic drug should be chosen in this case?
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Question 49 of 200
49. Question
A patient with a history of chronic glomerulonephritis presents with azotemia, oliguria, hypo- and isosthenuria, proteinuria. What is the leading factor in the pathogenesis of these symptoms development under chronic renal failure?
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Question 50 of 200
50. Question
After an attack of bronchial asthma a patient had his peripheral blood tested. What changes can be expected?
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Question 51 of 200
51. Question
A 70 year old female patient was diagnosed with fracture of left femoral neck accompanied by disruption of ligament of head of femur. The branch of the following artery is damaged:
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Question 52 of 200
52. Question
ECG of a patient shows prolongation of T-wave. This is caused by deceleration in ventricles of:
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Question 53 of 200
53. Question
After the traumatic tooth extraction a patient is complaining of acute, dull, poorly-localized pain in gingiva, body temperature rise up to 37, 5oC. The patient has been diagnosed with alveolitis. Specify the kind of pain in this patient:
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Question 54 of 200
54. Question
A 50 year old patient suffers from essential hypertension. After a physical stress he experienced muscle weakness, breathlessness, cyanosis of lips, skin and face. Respiration was accompanied by distinctly heard bubbling rales. What mechanism underlies the development of this syndrome?
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Question 55 of 200
55. Question
A 5 year old child has been diagnosed with acute right distal pneumonia. Sputum inoculation revealed that the causative agent is resistant to penicillin, but it is senstive to macrolides. What drug should be prescribed?
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Question 56 of 200
56. Question
A patient suffering from chronic myeloleukemia has got the following symptoms of anemia: decreased number of erythrocytes and low haemoglobin concentration, oxyphilic and polychromatophilic normocytes, microcytes. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of anemia development?
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Question 57 of 200
57. Question
A patient with obliterating endarteritis underwent ganglionic sympathectomy. What type of arterial hyperaemia should have developed as a result of the surgery?
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Question 58 of 200
58. Question
Autopsy of a woman with cerebral atherosclerosis revealed in the left cerebral hemisphere a certain focus that is presented by flabby, anhistic, greyish and yellowish tissue with indistinct edges. What pathological process is the case?
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Question 59 of 200
59. Question
A patient suffering from chronic hyperacidic gastritis takes an antacid drug for heartburn elimination. After its ingestion the patient feels better but at the same time he has a sensation of stomach swelling. Which of the following drugs might be the cause of such side effect?
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Question 60 of 200
60. Question
A 63 year old patient with collapse presentations was delivered to the emergency hospital. A physician has chosen noradrenalin against hypotension. What is its mechanism of action?
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Question 61 of 200
61. Question
Autopsy of a man who had tuberculosis revealed a 3×2 cm large cavity in the superior lobe of the right lung. The cavity was interconnected with a bronchus, its wall was dense and consisted of three layers: the internal layer was pyogenic, the middle layer was made by tuberculous granulation tissue and the external one was made by connective ti-ssue. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Question 62 of 200
62. Question
A patient suffering from syphilis has been treated with bismuth preparations. As a result of it some grey spots turned up on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity; nephropathy symptoms were also present. What drug should be used for treatment of bismuth intoxication?
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Question 63 of 200
63. Question
Autopsy of a man who died from ethylene glycol poisoning revealed that his kidneys are a little bit enlarged, edematic; their capsule can be easily removed. Cortical substance is broad and light-grey. Medullary substance is dark-red. What pathology had this man?
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Question 64 of 200
64. Question
A 44 year old woman complains of general weakness, heart pain, significant increase of body weight. Objectively: moon face, hirsutism, AP is 165/100 mm Hg, height – 164 cm, weight – 103 kg; the fat is mostly accumulated on her neck, thoracic girdle, belly. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of obesity?
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Question 65 of 200
65. Question
A man with a long-term history of bronchial asthma died from asphyxia. Histological examination of his lungs revealed that the lumens of bronchioles and minor bronchi contained a lot of mucus with some eosinophils. There was also sclerosis of interalveolar septa, di-latation of alveole lumens. What mechanism accounts for the development of hypersensitivity reaction?
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Question 66 of 200
66. Question
A 36 year old female patient has a hi-story of collagen disease. Urine analysis is likely to reveal an increased concentrati-on of the following metabolite:
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Question 67 of 200
67. Question
Bacterioscopy of nasopharyngeal mucus taken from a 2,5 year old child with nasopharyngitis revealed gram-positive diplococci looking like coffee grains. What organs of the child are most likely to be affected if these microorganisms penetrate the blood?
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Question 68 of 200
68. Question
Histologic analysis of uterus mucous membrane revealed twisting glands, serrated and spinned, they were extended by stroma growth with proliferation of its cells. Formulate a diagnosis:
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Question 69 of 200
69. Question
Analysis of sputum taken from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed rather elongated gram-positive diplococci with somewhat pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were revealed in the sputum?
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Question 70 of 200
70. Question
Serological diagnostics of infectious diseases is based upon specific interaction with antigenes. Specify the serologi-cal reaction that underlies adhesion of microorganisms when they are affected by specific antibodies in presence of an electrolyte:
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Question 71 of 200
71. Question
The immunoblot detected gp120 protein in the blood serum. This protein is typical for the following disease:
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Question 72 of 200
72. Question
HIV has gp41 and gp120 on its surface interacts with target cells of an organism. Which of the following human lymphocyte antigens is gp120 complementary bound with?
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Question 73 of 200
73. Question
A 65 year old patient with chronic heart failure has been taking digitoxin in self-administered dosages for a long ti-me. She was admitted to the hospital for general health aggravation, arrhythmia, nausea, reduced diuresis, insomnia. What is the primary action to be taken?
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Question 74 of 200
74. Question
A 20 year old patient complains of morbid thirst and huperdiuresis (up to 10 l daily). Glucose concentration in blood is normal but it is absent in urine. The pati-ent has been diagnosed with diabetes insi-pidus. What hormonal drug is the most appropriate for management of this disorder?
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Question 75 of 200
75. Question
A patient has myocardial infarction with thrombosis of the left coronary artery. What pharmocological preparation group should be used to reestablish blood flow?
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Question 76 of 200
76. Question
A nurse accidentally injected a nearly double dose of insulin to a patient with diabetes mellitus. The patient lapsed into a hypoglycemic coma. What drug should be injected in order to help him out of coma?
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Question 77 of 200
77. Question
A patient has a slowly healing fracture What medicine can be used to accelerate formation of connective tissue matrix?
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Question 78 of 200
78. Question
From the group of children who were eating sweet sappy watermelon two kids developed the signs of poisoning: rapid weakness, dizziness, headache, vomiting, edema, tachycardia, cyanosis of mouth, ears, tips of the fingers cyanosis. High concentration of nitrates was detected. What is the leading mechanism of the pathogenesis of the poisoning in the two children?
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Question 79 of 200
79. Question
As a result of a trauma a patient has damaged anterior roots of spinal cord. What structures have been affected?
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Question 80 of 200
80. Question
During a prophylactic medical examination a 7-year-old boy was diagnosed with daltonism. His parents are healthy and have normal colour vision, but his grandfather on his mother’s side has the same abnormality. What is the type of the abnormality inheritance?
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Question 81 of 200
81. Question
The contents of vesicles that appeared on the mucous membrane of a patient with variola was sent to a virological laboratory. Which of the listed changes were revealed during the smear microscopy?
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Question 82 of 200
82. Question
Vitamin A together with specific cytoreceptors penetrates through the nuclear membranes, induces transcription processes that stimulate growth and differentiation of cells. This biological function is realized by the following form of vitamin A:
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Question 83 of 200
83. Question
In order to determine toxigenicity of diphtheria bacilli a strip of filter paper impregnated with antitoxic diphtherial serum was put on the dense nutrient medium. There were also inoculated a mi-crobal culture under examination and a strain that is known to be toxigenic. If the microbal culture under examination produces exotoxin, this will result in formation of:
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Question 84 of 200
84. Question
A 63 year old male patient who had been suffering from chronic diffuse obstructive disease, pulmonary emphysema, for 15 years died from cardiac insufficiency. Autopsy revealed nutmeg liver cirrhosis, cyanotic induration of kidneys and spleen, ascites, edemata of lower limbs. These changes of internal organs are typical for the following disease:
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Question 85 of 200
85. Question
A man who is riding the carousel presents with increased heart rate, sweating, nausea. This condition is caused primarily by the stimulation of the following receptors:
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Question 86 of 200
86. Question
Atria of an experimental animal were superdistended by blood that resulted in decreased reabsorption of N a+ and water in renal tubules. This can be explained by the influence of the following factor upon kidneys:
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Question 87 of 200
87. Question
A child suffers from drug idiosyncrasy. What is the cause of such reaction?
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Question 88 of 200
88. Question
During cytoscopy mucous membrane of urinary bladder normally makes folds except for a single triangular area with smooth mucosa. This triangle is located in the following part of urinary bladder:
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Question 89 of 200
89. Question
A 38 year old man died all of a sudden. Autopsy revealed myocardial infarction in the posterior wall of the left ventri-cle. What are the most likely alterations in myocardiocyte structure that can be revealed microscopically in the infarcti-on focus?
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Question 90 of 200
90. Question
A patient underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy Analysis of the biopsy material enabled doctors to diagnose him with helicobacteriosis. What property of the bacteria found in this patient had to be obligatory taken into account during their cultivation?
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Question 91 of 200
91. Question
After a serious psychoemotional stress a 48 year old patient suddenly developed acute heart ache irradiating to the left arm. Nitroglycerine relieved pain after 10 minutes. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of this process development?
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Question 92 of 200
92. Question
A 42 year old patient complains of pain in the epigastral area, vomiting; vomit masses have the colour of “coffee-grounds”, the patient has also melena. Anamnesis records gastric ulcer. Blood formula: erythrocytes – 2, 8 · 1012/l, leukocytes – 8 · 109/l, Hb- 90 g/l. What complication is it?
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Question 93 of 200
93. Question
A 56 year old patient suffering from cardiac insufficiency has edema of feet and shins, edematous skin is pale and cold. What is the leding mechanism of edema pathogenesis?
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Question 94 of 200
94. Question
A disaster fighter at a nuclear power plant developed hemorrhagic syndrome on the background of acute radiation disease. What is the most important factor of syndrome pathogenesis?
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Question 95 of 200
95. Question
To prevent postoperative bleeding a 6-year-old child was administered vicasol that is a synthetic analogue of vitamin K. Name post-translational changes of blood coagulation factors that will be activated by vicasol:
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Question 96 of 200
96. Question
While under barbituric anaesthesia a 65 year old male patient developed respiratory inhibition. Anesthesiologist made him a 10 ml intravenous injection of 0,5% bemegride solution. The patient’s condition got better, the pulmonary ventilati-on volume increased. What phenomenon underlies the interaction of these medi-vcations?
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Question 97 of 200
97. Question
A surgeon has to find the common hepatic duct during the operative intervention on account of concrements in the gall ducts. The common hepatic duct is located between the leaves of:
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Question 98 of 200
98. Question
Blood analysis of a patient with jaundice reveals conjugated bilirubinemia, increased concentration of bile acids. There is no stercobilinogen in urine. What type of jaundice is it?
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Question 99 of 200
99. Question
It is known that the gene responsible for development of blood groups according to AB0 system has three allele variants. If a man has IV blood group, it can be explained by the following variability form:
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Question 100 of 200
100. Question
Power inputs of a man were measured. In what state was this man if his power inputs were lower than basal metabolism?
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Question 101 of 200
101. Question
A man is being measured power inputs on an empty stomach, in the lying position, under conditions of physical and psychic rest at a comfortable temperature. Power inputs will reach the maximum at:
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Question 102 of 200
102. Question
When measuring power inputs of a man by the method of indirect calorimetry the following results were obtained: 1000 ml oxygen consumption and 800 ml carbon dioxide liberation per minute. The man under examination has the following respiratory coefficient:
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Question 103 of 200
103. Question
A patient complains about impaired evacuatory function of stomach (long-term retention of food in stomach). Examination revealed a tumour of initial part of duodenum. Specify localization of the tumour:
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Question 104 of 200
104. Question
As a result of damage to certain structures of brainstem an animal lost orientation reflexes. What structures were damaged?
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Question 105 of 200
105. Question
Emotional stress causes activation of hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase in the adipocytes. What secondary mediator takes part in this process?
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Question 106 of 200
106. Question
A patient has been diagnosed with alkaptonuria. Choose an enzyme whose deficiency can be the reason for this pathology:
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Question 107 of 200
107. Question
A 10 year old child had the mantoux tuberculin test administered. 48 hours later a papule up to 8 mm in diameter appeared on the site of the injection. What type of hypersensitivity reaction developed after the tuberculin injection?
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Question 108 of 200
108. Question
The patient with acute miocardial infarction was given intravenously different solutions during 8 hours with medical dropper 1500 ml and oxygen intranasally. He died because of pulmonary edema. What caused the pulmonary edema?
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Question 109 of 200
109. Question
In course of an operation surgeon removed a part of a lung that was ventilated by a tertiary bronchus accompanied by branches of pulmonary artery and other vessels. What part of a lung was removed?
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Question 110 of 200
110. Question
After the second abortion a 23 year old woman has been diagnosed with toxoplasmosis. Which drug should be used for toxoplasmosis treatment?
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Question 111 of 200
111. Question
Autopsy of a 17 year old girl who died from pulmonary failure revealed a small area of caseous necrosis in the inferior lobe of the right lung, and occurences of caseous necrosis in the bronchopulmonary, bronchial and bi-furcational lymph nodes. What is the most probable postmortem diagnosis?
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Question 112 of 200
112. Question
After 4 months of treatment for tuberculosis the patient began complaining of toes and fingers numbness, sensation of creeps. He was diagnosed with polyneuritis. What antituberculous drug might have caused these complications?
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Question 113 of 200
113. Question
Examination of a 55 year old woman revealed under the skin of submandibular area a movable slowly growing pasty formation with distinct borders 1,0×0,7 cm large. Histological examination revealed lipocytes that form segments of diffrent forms and sizes separated from each other by thin layers of connective tissue with vessels. What is the most probable di-agnosis?
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Question 114 of 200
114. Question
According to the phenotypic diagnosis a female patient has been provisionally diagnosed with X-chromosome polysomia. This diagnosis can be confi-rmed by a cytogenetic method. What karyotype will allow to confirm the diagnosis?
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Question 115 of 200
115. Question
A patient has been diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis that developed after he had had streptococcal infecti-on. It is most likely that the affection of basal glomerular membrane is caused by an allergic reaction of the following type:
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Question 116 of 200
116. Question
An elderly patient has chronic constipations induced by large intestine hypotonia. What drug should be admini-stered?
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Question 117 of 200
117. Question
Examination of patients with periodontitis revealed the interdependence between the rate of affection of periodontal tissues and the amount of lysozymes in saliva and gingival liquid. These results can be obtained during studying the following protection system of an organism:
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Question 118 of 200
118. Question
An isolated cell of human heart automatically generates excitement impulses with frequency of 60 times per minute. This cell was taken from the following heart structure:
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Question 119 of 200
119. Question
A patient with epilepsy and depressive reaction has been administered a drug that reduced epilepsy manifestations and improved the patient’s psychic condition.
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Question 120 of 200
120. Question
A patient diagnosed with morphinism has been admitted to the narcological department. A doctor noted a decrease in pharmacological activity of morphi-ne. Repetitive use of a drug may result in tolerance to its effect, and this phenomenon is called:
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Question 121 of 200
121. Question
As a result of durative antibiotic therapy a 37 year old patient developed intestinal dysbacteriosis. What type of drugs should be used in order to normalize intestinal microflora?
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Question 122 of 200
122. Question
A man got poisoned with mushrooms. They contain muscarine that stimulates muscarinic cholinoreceptors. What symptom is typical for poisoning with inedible mushrooms?
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Question 123 of 200
123. Question
A patient complains of skin itch, especially between fingers, in the inguinal creases, on the lower abdomen. Examination of these regions revealed there some small vesicles. Laboratory diagnostics allowed to establish that this condition had been caused by a representative of Arthropoda. Specify the disease caused by this arthropod:
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Question 124 of 200
124. Question
An infant has pylorospasm, weakness, hypodynamia, convulsions as a result of frequent vomiting. What kind of acid-base disbalance is it?
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Question 125 of 200
125. Question
During influenza epidemic 40% of pupils who didn’t go in for sports were affected by the disease, and among the pupils who regularly did physical exercises this index was only 20%. What adaptative mechanisms determined such a low sickness rate of pupils participating in the sports?
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Question 126 of 200
126. Question
A 39 year old man who had been operated for the stomach ulcer died 7 days after the surgery. Autopsy revealed that peritoneal leaves were dull, plephoric, covered with massive yellow-greenish films, the peritoneal cavity contained for about 300 ml of thick yellow-greenish liquid. What pathologic process was revealed in the peritoneal cavity?
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Question 127 of 200
127. Question
Preventive examination of a patient revealed an enlarged lymph node of metastatic origin on the medial wall of the left axillary crease. Specify the most likely localization of the primary tumour:
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Question 128 of 200
128. Question
A 60 year old patient was found to have a dysfunction of main digestive enzyme of saliva. This causes the disturbance of primary hydrolysis of:
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Question 129 of 200
129. Question
A patient suffers from stenocardia and takes isosorbide mononitrate. He was prescribed a complementary drug with di-saggregating effect. What drug is it?
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Question 130 of 200
130. Question
A 49 year old woman spent a lot of time standing. As a result of it she got leg edema. What is the most likely cause of the edema?
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Question 131 of 200
131. Question
A patient presented to a hospital with complaints about quick fatigability and significant muscle weakness. Examinati-on revealed an autoimmune disease that causes functional disorder of receptors in the neuromuscular synapses. This will result in the disturbed activity of the following mediator:
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Question 132 of 200
132. Question
Blood test of a patient suffering from atrophic gastritis gave the followi-ng results: RBCs – 2, 0 · 1012/l, Hb- 87 g/l, colour index – 1,3, WBCs – 4, 0 · 109/l, thrombocytes – 180 · 109/l. Anaemia mi-gh have been caused by the following substance deficiency:
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Question 133 of 200
133. Question
A 45 year old man consulted a doctor about a plaque-like formation on his neck. Histological examination of a skin bi-optate revealed clusters of round and oval tumour cells with a narrow border of basophilic cytoplasm resembling of cells of basal epidermal layer. What tumour is it?
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Question 134 of 200
134. Question
A 71 year old man had been presenting with diarrhea for 10 days. The feces had admixtures of blood and mucus. He was delivered to a hospital in grave condi-tion and died 2 days later. Autopsy of the body revealed the following: diphtheri-tic colitis with multiple irregularly-shaped ulcers of different depth in both sigmoid colon and rectus. Bacteriological analysis revealed Shigella. What was the main disease?
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Question 135 of 200
135. Question
In spite of treatment with cardiotonics and thiazide diuretic a patient suffering from chronic cardiac failure still presents with edemata and faces a risk of ascites. What medication should be administered in order to increase the diuretic effect of the above mentioned drugs?
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Question 136 of 200
136. Question
Autopsy of a 75 year old patient who had been suffering from disseminated atherosclerosis and died under chronic cardiac failure revealed constriction and deformation of coronary arteries, tuberous intima whose section appeared to be white and petrosal. Specify the stage of atherosclerosis morphogenesis:
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Question 137 of 200
137. Question
Examination of a bronchial tissue sample revealed atrophy of mucous membrane, cystic degeneration of glands, focal metaplastic changes of lining pri-smatic epithelial cells into multilayer squamous cells; increase in goblet cell number; in some parts of bronchial wall and especially in the mucous membrane there was marked cellular inflammatory infiltration and growth of granulation tissue bulging into the bronchial lumen in form of a polyp. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Question 138 of 200
138. Question
Acute renal impairment caused death of a bleeding patient. Autopsy revealed enlarged kidneys with a broad pale pink cortical layer expressively demarcated from dark red renal pyrami-ds. Macroscopic examination revealed lack of epithelial nuclei of convoluted tubules, tubulorrhexis, phlebostasis. The cell nuclei of choroid glomus and straight tubules were present. What pathology is it?
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Question 139 of 200
139. Question
Osteolaterism is charcterized by a decrease in collagen strength caused by much less intensive formation of cross-links in collagen fibrils. This phenomenon is caused by the low activity of the following enzyme:
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Question 140 of 200
140. Question
A histological specimen of kidney shows a structure consisting of a glomerulus of fenestrated capillaries and a bilayer epithelial capsule. Specify this structure:
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Question 141 of 200
141. Question
A 66 year old female patient got intravenous injection of magnesi-um sulfate solution for the purpose of elimination of hypertensive crisis. But arterial pressure didn’t go down and after repeated introduction of the same preparation there appered sluggishness, slow response, inhibition of consciousness and respiration. What preparation is antagonist of magnesium sulfate and can eliminate symptoms of its overdose?
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Question 142 of 200
142. Question
As a result of a road accident a 26-year-old man is in the torpid phase of shock. Blood count: leukocytes – 3, 2 · 109/l. What is the leading mechanism of leukopenia development?
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Question 143 of 200
143. Question
A 5-month-old boy was hospitalized for tonic convulsions. He has a life-time history of this disease. Examination revealed coarse hair, thinned and fragile nails, pale and dry skin. In blood: calci-um – 1,5 millimole/l, phosphor – 1,9 milli-mole/l. These changes are associated with:
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Question 144 of 200
144. Question
As a result of a trauma a patient has developed traumatic shock that led to the following disorders: AP is 140/90 mm Hg, Ps is 120 bpm. The patient is fussy, talkati-ve, pale. Such state relates to the following shock phase:
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Question 145 of 200
145. Question
Cytogenetic examination of a pati-ent with dysfunction of the reproductive system revealed normal karyotype 46,ХУ in some cells, but most cells have Kli-nefelter’s syndrome karyotype – 47,ХХУ. Such phenomenon of cell inhomogeneity is called:
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Question 146 of 200
146. Question
An oncological patient had been administered methotrexate. With time target cells of the tumour lost sensitivity to this drug. At the same time the change in gene expression of the following enzyme is observed:
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Question 147 of 200
147. Question
A 64 year old woman has impairment of twilight vision (hemeralopy). What vi-tamin should be recommended in the first place?
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Question 148 of 200
148. Question
A patient underwent appendectomy. In the postoperative period he has been taking an antibiotic. The patient complai-ns about hearing impairment and vesti-bular disorders. What group of antibiotics has such by-effects?
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Question 149 of 200
149. Question
While playing a child got a punch in the presternum region. As a result of this trauma an organ located behind the presternum was damaged. Name this organ:
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Question 150 of 200
150. Question
In an embryo the process of dorsal mesoderm segmentation and somite formation is disturbed. What part of skin will probably have developmental abnormalities?
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Question 151 of 200
151. Question
A patient consulted a dentist about itching and burning in the oral cavity; high temperature. The patient was diagnosed with trichomonal gingivostomatitis. What drug should be chosen for his treatment?
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Question 152 of 200
152. Question
An electron microphotography of a fragment of proper gastric gland shows a big irregular round-shaped cell. There are a lot of intracellular tubules and mi-tochondria in the cytoplasm. Specify this cell:
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Question 153 of 200
153. Question
A patient suffering from stenocardia was taking nitroglycerine which caused restoration of blood supply of myocardium and relieved pain in the cardiac area. What intracellular mechanism provides restoration of energy supply of insulted cells?
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Question 154 of 200
154. Question
A 50 year old patient has been taki-ng treatment thrice for the last 6 months because of fractures caused by domestic accidents. Microscopical examination of bony tissue revealed foci of lacunar resolution, giant-cell granulomas in the tumour-like formations, cysts. Bony tissue was substituted by fibrous connective ti-ssue. Examination revealed also adenoma of parathyroid gland and hypercalcemia. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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Question 155 of 200
155. Question
A patient has been diagnosed with a compression fracture of a lumbar vertebra. As a result he has a consi-derable increase in curvature of the lumbar lordosis. Which ligament damage can induce such changes in the spine curvature?
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Question 156 of 200
156. Question
When water affects mucous membrane of the inferior nasal meatuses, this causes “diver reflex”that provokes:
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Question 157 of 200
157. Question
Life cycle of a cell includes a process of DNA autoreduplication. As a result of this process monochromatid chromosomes become bichromatid. This phenomenon is observed within the following period of the cell cycle:
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Question 158 of 200
158. Question
Examination of a child who frequently suffers from infectious diseases revealed that IgG concentration in blood serum was 10 times less than normal, IgA and IgM concentration was also signifi-cantly reduced. Analysis showed also lack of B-lymphocytes and plasmocytes. What disease are these symptoms typical for?
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Question 159 of 200
159. Question
Examination of a 42 year old patient revealed a tumour of adenohypophysis. Objectively: the patient’s weight is 117 kg, he has moon-like hyperemic face, red-blue striae of skin distension on his belly. Osteoporosis and muscle dystrophy are present. AP is 210/140 mm Hg. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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Question 160 of 200
160. Question
Microelectrode technique allowed to register a potential following “all-or-none”law and being able of undecremental spreading. Specify this potential:
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Question 161 of 200
161. Question
A patient has been diagnosed with transmural myocardial infarction. What drug should be given in order to prevent cardiogenic shock?
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Question 162 of 200
162. Question
2 days after labour a woman developed shock along with DIC syndrome that caused her death. Autopsy revealed purulent endomyometritis, regional purulent lymphangitis, lymphadeni-tis and purulent thrombophlebitis. There were also dystrophic alterations and interstitial inflammation of parenchymal organs. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Question 163 of 200
163. Question
A patient got an injury of spinal marrow in a road accident that caused loss of tactile sensation, posture sense, vibration sense. What conduction tracts are damaged?
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Question 164 of 200
164. Question
Examination of a patient revealed II grade obesity. It is known that he consumes a lot of sweets and rich food, has sedentary way of life. That’s why anabolic metabolism has the priority in his organism. Which of the following pathways is amphibolic?
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Question 165 of 200
165. Question
A patient who abuses smoking has chronic bronchitis. Biopsy of his primary bronchus revealed multilayer pavement epithelium. What pathological process was revealed in the bronchus?
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Question 166 of 200
166. Question
A patient suffers from pulmonary tuberculosis. During treatment neuritis of visual nerve arose. What drug has caused this by-effect?
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Question 167 of 200
167. Question
A 67 year old patient complains of periodic heart ache, dyspnea during light physical activities. ECG reveals extraordi-nary contractions of heart ventricles. Such arrhythmia is called:
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Question 168 of 200
168. Question
A patient with ischemic heart disease has been administered an anti-anginal drug that reduces the myocardial oxygen consumption and improves blood supply of myocardium. What drug is it?
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Question 169 of 200
169. Question
A doctor asked a patient to breath out fully after taking a normal breath. What muscles contract during such exhalation?
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Question 170 of 200
170. Question
A 4 year old child with hereditary renal lesion has signs of rickets, vitamin D concentration in blood is normal. What is the most probable cause of rickets development?
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Question 171 of 200
171. Question
A man was intoxicated with mushrooms. They contain muscarine that stimulates muscarinic cholinoreceptors. What symptoms signalize intoxication wi-th inedible mushrooms?
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Question 172 of 200
172. Question
There was a record of some anthrax cases among animals in a countryside. The spread of disease can be prevented by means of immunization. What kind of vaccine should be used?
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Question 173 of 200
173. Question
An infectious disease unit admitted a patient with signs of jaundice caused by hepatitis virus. Select an indicator that is specific only for parenchymatous jaundice:
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Question 174 of 200
174. Question
A patient presents with dysfunction of cerebral cortex accompanied by epileptic seizures. He has been admini-stered a biogenic amine synthetized from glutamate and responsible for central inhibition. What substance is it?
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Question 175 of 200
175. Question
A 50 year old patient underwent resection of tumour of large intestine wall. Microscopically it presents itself as fascicles of divergent collagen fibers of different thickness and form and some monomorphous fusiform cells that are irregularly distributed among the fibers. Cellular atypia is not evident. What tumour is it?
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Question 176 of 200
176. Question
Toxic affection of liver results in dysfunction of protein synthesis. It is usually accompanied by the following ki-nd of dysproteinemia:
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Question 177 of 200
177. Question
A cell at the stage of mitosis anaphase was stimulated by colchicine that inhibits chromosome separation to the poles. What type of mutation will be caused?
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Question 178 of 200
178. Question
Examination of duodenal contents revealed some pyriform protozoa with twin nuclei and four pairs of flagella. There were two supporting filaments between the nuclei and a suctorial disc on the ventral side. What representative of protozoa was revealed in this patient?
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Question 179 of 200
179. Question
In order to prevent massive haemorrhage in the region of oral cavi-ty floor it is required to ligate an artery which is located within Pirogov’s triangle. What artery is it?
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Question 180 of 200
180. Question
A patient with high-titer antinuclear antibodies died from progressing renal impairment. Autopsy revealed mesangi-oproliferative glomerulonephritis and abacterial polypous endocarditis. There was periarterial bulbar sclerosis in spleen and productive proliferative vasculitis in skin. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Question 181 of 200
181. Question
A shepherd who has tended sheep together with dogs consulted a doctor about pain in his right subcostal area, nausea, vomiting. Roentgenoscopy revealed a tumour-like formation. What kind of helminthiasis might be suspected?
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Question 182 of 200
182. Question
For relief of hypertensive crisis a doctor administered a patient a drug that apart from antihypertensive effect has also sedative, spasmolytic and anti-convulsive effect. The drug was taken parenterally. When it is taken enterally it acts as a laxative and cholagogue. What drug was administered?
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Question 183 of 200
183. Question
A bacteriological laboratory received sputum sample of a patient suffering from tuberculosis. Bacterioscopic examination of smears and detection of tuberculosis bacillus can be realized by one of enri-chment methods that involves processing of sputum only with solution of caustic soda. What is this method called?
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Question 184 of 200
184. Question
Electronic microphotography of pulmonary alveole’s wall presents a big cell. Its cytoplasm has a lot of mi-tochondria, developed Golgi apparatus, osmiophil lamellated corpuscles. What is the main function of this cell?
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Question 185 of 200
185. Question
A patient with diabetes mellitus complicated by angiopathy has been recommended a drug which is a sulphonyl urease derivate of the second generati-on. It improves microcirculation and is known for its relatively good tolerance. What drug is it?
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Question 186 of 200
186. Question
A child is pale, pastose, muscular tissue is bad developed, lymph nodes are enlarged. He often suffers from angi-na and pharyngitis, blood has signs of lymphocytosis. The child is also predi-sposed to autoallergic diseases. What type of diathesis can be presumed in this case?
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Question 187 of 200
187. Question
A 26 year old pregnant woman is under treatment at an in-patient hospital. After a continuous attack of vomiting she was found to have reduced volume of circulating blood. What kind of change in general blood volume is the case?
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Question 188 of 200
188. Question
Vomiting matters of a patient suspected of having cholera were delivered to the bacteriological laboratory. The material was used for preparing a “hanging drop”specimen. What type of microscopy will be applied for identification of the causative agent by its mobility?
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Question 189 of 200
189. Question
Examination of a 6-month-old child revealed a delay in closure of the occipital fontanelle. When should it normally close?
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Question 190 of 200
190. Question
A 45 year old male died from di-sseminated tuberculosis. On autopsy the symptoms of tuberculosis were confirmed by both microscopical and histological analyses. All the affected organs had epithelioid cell granulomas with caseous necrosis in the centre. What kind of hypersensitivity reaction underlies the process of granuloma development?
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Question 191 of 200
191. Question
A male patient has been diagnosed with acute radiation disease. Laboratory examination revealed a considerable reduction of platelet serotonin level. The likely cause of platelet serotonin reducti-on is the disturbed metabolism of the following substance:
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Question 192 of 200
192. Question
In course of a conditional experiment the development of mesenchyma cells was completely inhibited. Development of the following muscular tissue will be disturbed:
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Question 193 of 200
193. Question
Sex chromosomes of a woman didn’t separate and move to the opposite poles of a cell during gametogenesis (meiosis). The ovum was impregnated with a normal spermatozoon. Which chromosomal di-sease can be found in her child?
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Question 194 of 200
194. Question
After taking poor-quality food a patient developed repeated episodes of diarrhea. On the next day he presented with decreased arterial pressure, tachycardia, extrasystole. Blood pH is 7,18. These abnormalities were caused by the development of:
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Question 195 of 200
195. Question
A patient has been diagnosed with influenza. His condition became drasti-cally worse after taking antipyretic drugs. His consciousness is confused, AP is 80/50 mm Hg, Ps is 140/m, body temperature droped down to 35, 8oC. What complicati-on developed in this patient?
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Question 196 of 200
196. Question
One of sections of central nervous system has layerwise arrangement of neurocytes. Among them there are cells of the following forms: stellate, fusiform, horizontal, pyramidal. What section of central nervous system is this structure typical for?
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Question 197 of 200
197. Question
Pharmacological effects of anti-depressants are based upon blocking (inhibiting) the enzyme that acts as a catalyst for the breakdown of biogenic amines noradrenalin and serotonin in the mitochondria of cephalic neurons. What enzyme takes part in this process?
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Question 198 of 200
198. Question
During examination of a patient a dentist revealed a lot of “white spots zones of enamel demineralization. What microorganisms take part in the development of this process?
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Question 199 of 200
199. Question
A 4 year old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutitive problem. After his examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to the bacteriological laboratory. In order to determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following differenti-al diagnostic medium:
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Question 200 of 200
200. Question
A man with a stab wound in the region of the quadrilateral foramen consulted a doctor about it. Examination revealed that the injured couldn’t abduct his arm from the body. What nerve is most likely damaged?